View MAX3108_5014119.PDF datasheet online --- IC-ON-LINE

Datasheet File OCR Text:

19-5723; Rev 1; 2/11
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
General Description
The MAX3108 small form factor universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) with 128 words each of receive and transmit FIFOs is controlled through a serial I2C or SPITM controller interface. Auto-sleep and shutdown modes help reduce power consumption during periods of inactivity. A low 500FA (max) supply current and tiny 25-bump WLP (2.1mm x 2.1mm) package make the MAX3108 ideal for low-power portable devices. The MAX3108 operates from a supply voltage of 1.71V to 3.6V. Baud rates up to 24Mbps make the MAX3108 suitable for today's high data rate applications. A phase-locked loop (PLL), predivider, and fractional baud-rate generator allow high-resolution baud-rate programming and minimize the dependency of baud rate on reference clock frequency. Four GPIOs can be used as inputs, outputs, or interrupt inputs. When configured as outputs, they can be programmed to be open-drain outputs and sink up to 20mA of current. The MAX3108 is ideal for portable and handheld devices, is available in a 25-bump (2.1mm x 2.1mm) 0.4mm pitch WLP package, and is specified over the -40NC to +85NC extended temperature range.
S 24Mbps (max) Baud Rate S Integrated PLL and Divider S 1.71V to 3.6V Supply Range S High-Resolution Programmable Baud Rate S SPI Up to 26MHz Clock Rate S Fast Mode Plus I2C Up to 1MHz S Automatic RTS and CTS Hardware Flow Control S Automatic XON/XOFF Software Flow Control S Special Character Detection S 9-Bit Multidrop Mode Data Filtering S SIR- and MIR-Compliant IrDASM Encoder/Decoder S Flexible Logic Levels on the Controller and
Features
MAX3108
Transceiver Interfaces S Four Flexible GPIOs S Line Noise Indication S Shutdown and Auto-Sleep Modes
S Low 35A (max) VCC Shutdown Current S Register Compatible with the MAX3107 S Tiny, 25-Bump WLP Package (2.1mm x 2.1mm)
Applications
Portable Communication Devices Mobile Internet Devices Low-Power Handheld Devices Medical Systems Point-of-Sale Systems
SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. IrDA is a service mark of Infrared Data Association Corporation.
VCC VL LDOEN SPI/I2C MOSI/A1 MISO/SDA CS/A0 SCLK/SCL LOGIC-LEVEL TRANSLATION RST IRQ XIN XOUT CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR DIVIDER PLL LDO V18
Ordering Information
PART MAX3108EWA+ TEMP RANGE -40NC to +85NC PIN-PACKAGE 25 WLP
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
Functional Diagram
MAX3108
VEXT TX
Tx AND FIFO SPI/I2C REGISTERS AND CONTROL FLOW CONTROL LOGIC-LEVEL TRANSLATION Rx AND FIFO
CTS RTS
RX GPIO0 GPIO1 GPIO2 GPIO3
FRACTIONAL BAUD-RATE GENERATOR DGND
GPIO
AGND
_______________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Package Thermal Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 DC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 AC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Timing Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Typical Operating Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Bump Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Bump Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Detailed Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Register Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Receive and Transmit FIFOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Transmitter Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Receiver Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Line Noise Indication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Clock Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Crystal Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 External Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 PLL and Predivider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Fractional Baud-Rate Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2x and 4x Rate Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Multidrop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Auto Data Filtering in Multidrop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Auto Transceiver Direction Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Echo Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Auto Hardware Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 AutoRTS Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 AutoCTS Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Auto Software (XON/XOFF) Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Receiver Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Transmitter Flow Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 FIFO Interrupt Triggering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Low-Power Standby Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Forced-Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Auto-Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Shutdown Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Power-Up and IRQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Interrupt Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Interrupt Enabling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Interrupt Clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Register Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Detailed Register Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Serial Controller Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 SPI Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 SPI Single-Cycle Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 SPI Burst Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 I2C Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 START, STOP, and Repeated START Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Slave Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Bit Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Single-Byte Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Burst Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Single-Byte Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Burst Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Acknowledge Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Applications Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Startup and Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Low-Power Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Interrupts and Polling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Logic-Level Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Power-Supply Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Connector Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 RS-232 5x3 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Typical Application Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Chip Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Package Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
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3
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. I2C Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Figure 2. SPI Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Figure 3. Transmit FIFO Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Figure 4. Receive Data Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Figure 5. Receive FIFO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Figure 6. Midbit Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Figure 7. Clock Selection Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Figure 8. 2x and 4x Baud Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Figure 9. Auto Transceiver Direction Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 10. Setup and Hold times in Auto Transceiver Direction Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 11. Half-Duplex with Echo Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 12. Echo Suppression Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 13. Simplified Interrupt Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Figure 14. PLL Signal Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Figure 15. Single-Cycle Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Figure 16. Single-Cycle Write. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Figure 17. I2C START, STOP, and Repeated START Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Figure 18. Write Byte Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Figure 19. Burst Write Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Figure 20. Read Byte Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Figure 21. Burst Read Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Figure 22. Acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Figure 23. Startup and Initialization Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Figure 24. Logic-Level Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Figure 25. Connector Sharing with a USB Transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Figure 26. RS-232 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Figure 27. RS-485 Half-Duplex Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. StopBits Truth Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Table 2. Lengthx Truth Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Table 3. SwFlow[3:0] Truth Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Table 4. PLLFactorx Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Table 5. I2C Address Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
LIST OF REGISTERS
Receive Hold Register (RHR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Transmit Hold Register (THR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 IRQ Enable Register (IRQEn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Interrupt Status Register (ISR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Line Status Interrupt Enable Register (LSRIntEn). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Line Status Register (LSR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Special Character Interrupt Enable Register (SpclChrIntEn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Special Character Interrupt Register (SpclCharInt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 STS Interrupt Enable Register (STSIntEn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Status Interrupt Register (STSInt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 MODE1 Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 MODE2 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Line Control Register (LCR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Receiver Timeout Register (RxTimeOut) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 HDplxDelay Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 IrDA Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Flow Level Register (FlowLvl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 FIFO Interrupt Trigger Level Register (FIFOTrgLvl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Transmit FIFO Level Register (TxFIFOLvl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Receive FIFO Level Register (RxFIFOLvl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Flow Control Register (FlowCtrl). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 XON1 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 XON2 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 XOFF1 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 XOFF2 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 GPIO Configuration Register (GPIOConfg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 GPIO Data Register (GPIOData) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 PLL Configuration Register (PLLConfig). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Baud-Rate Generator Configuration Register (BRGConfig) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Baud-Rate Generator LSB Divisor Register (DIVLSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Baud-Rate Generator MSB Divisor Register (DIVMSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Clock Source Register (CLKSource) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
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5
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Voltages referenced to AGND.) VL, VCC, VEXT, XIN ...............................................-0.3V to +4.0V XOUT ........................................................ -0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) V18 ...................... -0.3V to the lesser of (VCC + 0.3V) and 2.0V RST, IRQ, MOSI/A1, CS/A0, SCLK/SCL, MISO/SDA, LDOEN, SPI/I2C .................... -0.3V to (VL + 0.3V) TX, RX, RTS, CTS, GPIO_ ....................... -0.3V to (VEXT + 0.3V) DGND ...................................................................-0.3V to +0.3V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC) WLP (derate 19.2mW/NC above +70NC) ................... 1536mW Operating Temperature Range .......................... -40NC to +85NC Maximum Junction Temperature.....................................+150NC Storage Temperature Range............................ -65NC to +150NC Soldering Temperature (reflow) ......................................+260NC
PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 1)
WLP Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (BJA) ...........52NC/W Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (BJC)................11NC/W Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a fourlayer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial.
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = 1.71V to 3.6V, VL = 1.71V to 3.6V, VEXT = 1.71V to 3.6V, TA = -40NC to +85NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 2.8V, VL = 1.8V, VEXT = 2.5V, TA = +25NC.) (Notes 2, 3) PARAMETER Digital Interface Supply Voltage Analog Supply Voltage UART Interface Logic Supply Voltage Logic Supply Voltage CURRENT CONSUMPTION 1.8MHz crystal oscillator active, PLL disabled, SPI/I2C interface idle, UART interfaces idle, LDOEN = high Baud rate = 1Mbps, 20MHz external clock, SPI/I2C interface idle, PLL disabled, UART in loopback mode, LDOEN = low Shutdown mode, LDOEN = low, RST = low, all inputs and outputs are idle Shutdown or sleep mode, all inputs and outputs are idle Shutdown mode, RST = low, all inputs and outputs are idle Shutdown mode, LDOEN = low, RST = low, all inputs and outputs are idle 500 FA 500 SYMBOL VL VCC VEXT V18 Internal PLL disabled and bypassed Internal PLL enabled CONDITIONS MIN 1.71 1.71 2.35 1.71 1.65 TYP MAX 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 1.95 UNITS V V V V
VCC Supply Current
ICC
VCC Shutdown Supply Current VL Shutdown or Sleep Supply Current VEXT Shutdown Supply Current V18 Input Power-Supply Current in Shutdown Mode
ICCSHDN IL IEXT I18SHDN
35 15 10 50
FA FA FA FA
6
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = 1.71V to 3.6V, VL = 1.71V to 3.6V, VEXT = 1.71V to 3.6V, TA = -40NC to +85NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 2.8V, VL = 1.8V, VEXT = 2.5V, TA = +25NC.) (Notes 2, 3) PARAMETER V18 Input Power-Supply Current SCLK/SCL, MISO/SDA MISO/SDA Output Logic-Low Voltage in I2C Mode MISO/SDA Output Logic-Low Voltage in SPI Mode MISO/SDA Output Logic-High Voltage in SPI Mode Input Logic-Low Voltage Input Logic-High Voltage Input Hysteresis Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance SPI/I2C, CS/A0, MOSI/A1 INPUTS Input Logic-Low Voltage Input Logic-High Voltage Input Hysteresis Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance IRQ OUTPUT (OPEN DRAIN) Output Logic-Low Voltage Output Leakage Current LDOEN AND RST INPUTS Input Logic-Low Voltage Input Logic-High Voltage Input Hysteresis Input Leakage Current VIL VIH VHYST IIL VIN = 0 to VL -1 0.7 x VL 50 +1 0.3 x VL V V mV FA VIL VIH VHYST IIL CIN VOL IOL SPI and I2C mode SPI and I2C mode SPI and I2C mode VIN = 0 to VL, SPI and I2C mode SPI and I2C mode Sink current = 2mA VIRQ = 0 to VL, IRQ is not asserted -1 -1 5 0.4 +1 0.7 x VL 50 +1 0.3 x VL V V mV FA pF V FA Sink current = 3mA, VL > 2V VOLI2C Sink current = 3mA, VL < 2V Sink current = 2mA Source current = 2mA SPI and I2C mode SPI and I2C mode SPI and I2C mode VIN = 0 to VL, SPI and I2C mode SPI and I2C mode -1 5 0.7 x VL 0.05 x VL +1 VL 0.4 0.3 x VL 0.4 0.2 x VL 0.4 V SYMBOL I18 CONDITIONS Baud rate = 1Mbps, 20MHz external clock, PLL disabled, UART in loopback mode, LDOEN = low (Note 4) MIN TYP MAX 2 UNITS mA
MAX3108
VOLSPI VOHSPI VIL VIH VHYST IIL CIN
V V V V V FA pF
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7
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = 1.71V to 3.6V, VL = 1.71V to 3.6V, VEXT = 1.71V to 3.6V, TA = -40NC to +85NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 2.8V, VL = 1.8V, VEXT = 2.5V, TA = +25NC.) (Notes 2, 3) PARAMETER UART INTERFACE RTS, TX OUTPUTS Output Logic-Low Voltage Output Logic-High Voltage Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance CTS, RX INPUTS Input Logic-Low Voltage Input Logic-High Voltage Input Hysteresis CTS Input Leakage Current RX Pullup Current Input Capacitance GPIO_ INPUTS/OUTPUTS Sink current = 20mA, push-pull or opendrain output type, VEXT > 2.3V Sink current = 20mA, push-pull or opendrain output type, VEXT < 2.3V Source current = 5mA, push-pull output type GPIO_ is configured as an input GPIO_ is configured as an input VGPIO_ = VEXT, GPIO_ is configured as an input 2/3 x VEXT 3.5 5.5 7.5 VEXT 0.4V 0.4 0.45 V 0.55 V V V FA VIL VIH VHYST IIL IPU CIN VCTS = 0 to VEXT VRX = 0V -1 -7.5 -5.5 5 0.7 x VEXT 50 +1 -3.5 0.3 x VEXT V V mV FA FA pF VOL VOH IIL CIN Sink current = 2mA Source current = 2mA Output is three-stated, VRTS = 0 to VEXT High-Z mode 0.7 x VEXT -1 5 +1 0.4 V V FA pF SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Output Logic-Low Voltage
VOL
Output Logic-High Voltage Input Logic-Low Voltage Input Logic-High Voltage Pulldown Current XIN Input Logic-Low Voltage Input Logic-High Voltage Input Capacitance XOUT Input Capacitance
VOH VIL VIH IPD
VIL VIH CXIN CXOUT 1.2 16 16
0.6
V V pF pF
8
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = 1.71V to 3.6V, VL = 1.71V to 3.6V, VEXT = 1.71V to 3.6V, TA = -40NC to +85NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 2.8V, VL = 1.8V, VEXT = 2.5V, TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER External Cystal Frequency External Clock Frequency External Clock Duty Cycle Baud-Rate Generator Clock Input Frequency fREF SYMBOL fXOSC fCLK (Note 5) CONDITIONS MIN 1 0.5 45 TYP MAX 4 35 55 96 UNITS MHz MHz % MHz
MAX3108
I2C BUS: TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Figure 1) Standard mode SCL Clock Frequency fSCL Fast mode Fast mode plus Bus Free Time Between a STOP and START Condition Hold Time for START Condition and Repeated START Condition Standard mode tBUF Fast mode Fast mode plus Standard mode tHD:STA Fast mode Fast mode plus Standard mode Low Period of the SCL Clock tLOW Fast mode Fast mode plus Standard mode High Period of the SCL Clock tHIGH Fast mode Fast mode plus Standard mode Data Hold Time tHD:DAT Fast mode Fast mode plus Standard mode Data Setup Time tSU:DAT Fast mode Fast mode plus Setup Time for Repeated START Condition Standard mode tSU:STA Fast mode Fast mode plus Standard mode (0.3 x VL to 0.7 x VL) (Note 6) tR Fast mode (0.3 x VL to 0.7 x VL) (Note 6) Fast mode plus Standard mode (0.3 x VL to 0.7 x VL) (Note 6) tF Fast mode (0.3 x VL to 0.7 x VL) (Note 6) Fast mode plus 20 + 0.1CB 20 + 0.1CB 4.7 1.3 0.5 4.0 0.6 0.26 4.7 1.3 0.5 4.0 0.6 0.26 0 0 0 250 100 50 4.7 0.2 0.26 20 + 0.1CB 20 + 0.1CB 1000 300 120 1000 300 120 ns ns Fs ns 0.9 0.9 Fs Fs Fs Fs Fs 100 400 1000 kHz
Rise Time of Incoming SDA and SCL Signals
Fall Time of SDA and SCL Signals
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9
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = 1.71V to 3.6V, VL = 1.71V to 3.6V, VEXT = 1.71V to 3.6V, TA = -40NC to +85NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 2.8V, VL = 1.8V, VEXT = 2.5V, TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER Setup Time for STOP Condition SYMBOL tSU:STO Fast mode Fast mode plus Capacitive Load for SDA and SCL SCL and SDA I/O Capacitance Pulse Width of Spike Suppressed SCLK Clock Period SCLK Pulse Width High SCLK Pulse Width Low CS Fall to SCLK Rise Time MOSI Hold Time MOSI Setup Time Output Data Propagation Delay MISO Rise and Fall Times CS Hold Time Note Note Note Note Note 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: Standard mode (Note 5) CB CI/O tSP tCH+tCL tCH tCL tCSS tDH tDS tDO tFT tCSH 30 38.4 16 16 0 3 5 20 10 Fast mode (Note 5) Fast mode plus (Note 5) (Note 5) CONDITIONS Standard mode MIN 4.7 0.6 0.26 400 400 550 10 50 pF ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns pF Fs TYP MAX UNITS
SPI BUS: TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Figure 2)
All units are production tested at TA = +25NC. Specifications over temperature are guaranteed by design. Currents entering the IC are positive and currents exiting the IC are negative. When V18 is powered by an external voltage supply, it must have current capability above or equal to I18. Guaranteed by design; not production tested. CB is the total capacitance of either the clock or data line of the synchronous bus in pF.
10
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Timing Diagrams
START CONDITION (S) REPEATED START CONDITION (Sr) tR STOP CONDITION (P) tF
MAX3108
SDA tBUF tHD:STA tHD:DAT tSU:DAT SCL tHIGH tR tF tLOW START CONDITION (S) tSU:STA tHD:STA tSU:STO
Figure 1. I2C Timing Diagram
CS tCSH SCLK tDS tDH MOSI tDO MISO tFT tCSS tCL tCH tCSH
Figure 2. SPI Timing Diagram
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11
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = 2.5V, VL = 2.5V, VEXT = 2.5V, VLDOEN = VL, TA = +25C unless otherwise noted.)
SINK CURRENT (OPEN DRAIN) vs. GPIO_ OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE
MAX3108 toc01
SOURCE CURRENT (PUSH-PULL) vs. GPIO_ OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE
60 50 ISOURCE (mA) 40 30 20 10
MAX3108 toc02
180 160 140 120 ISINK (mA) 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1
70
VEXT = 3.6V
VEXT = 2.5V
VEXT = 3.3V
VEXT = 2.5V
VEXT = 1.8V
VEXT = 1.71V
2 VOL (V) 3 4
0 0 1 2 VOH (V) 3 4
12
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Bump Configuration
TOP VIEW (BUMPS ON BOTTOM) 1 2 MISO/ SDA RST
MAX3108
MAX3108
3 4 5
+
A VCC CS/A0 IRQ VL
B
V18
SCLK/ SCL N.C.
MOSI/ A1 GPIO0
DGND
C
AGND
LDOEN
GPIO1
D
XIN
XOUT
SPI/I2C
GPIO3
CTS
E
VEXT
GPIO2
RTS
TX
RX
WLP (2.1mm x 2.1mm)
Bump Description
BUMP A1 A2 NAME VCC MISO/SDA FUNCTION Analog Power Supply. VCC powers the PLL and internal LDO. Bypass VCC with a 0.1FF ceramic capacitor to AGND. Serial-Data Output. When SPI/I2C is high, MISO/SDA functions as the SPI master input, slave output (MISO). When SPI/I2C is low, MISO/SDA functions as the SDA, I2C serial-data input/output. Active-Low Chip-Select and Address 0 Input. When SPI/I2C is high, CS/A0 functions as the CS, SPI active-low chip-select. When SPI/I2C is low, CS/A0 functions as the A0 I2C device address programming input. Connect CS/A0 to DGND, VL, SCL, or SDA when SPI/I2C is low. Active-Low Interrupt Open-Drain Output. IRQ is asserted when an interrupt is pending and during initial power-up. Digital Interface Power Supply. VL powers the internal logic-level translators for RST, IRQ, MOSI/A1, CS/A0, SCLK/SCL, MISO/SDA, LDOEN, and SPI/I2C. Bypass VL with a 0.1FF ceramic capacitor to DGND. Internal 1.8V LDO Output and 1.8V Power-Supply Input. Bypass V18 with a 0.1FF ceramic capacitor to DGND. Active-Low Reset Input. Drive RST low to force the UART into hardware reset mode. In hardware reset mode, the internal PLL is shut down and there is no clock activity. Serial-Clock Input. When SPI/I2C is high, SCLK/SCL functions as the SCLK SPI serial-clock input (up to 26MHz). When SPI/I2C is low, SCLK/SCL functions as the SCL, I2C serial-clock input (up to 1MHz in fast mode plus).
A3
CS/A0
A4 A5 B1 B2
IRQ VL V18 RST
B3
SCLK/SCL
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13
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Bump Description (continued)
BUMP B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 NAME MOSI/A1 DGND AGND LDOEN N.C. GPIO0 FUNCTION Serial-Data Input and Address 1 Input. When SPI/I2C is high, MOSI/A1 functions as the SPI master output-slave input (MOSI). When SPI/I2C is low, MOSI/A1 functions as the A1 I2C device address programming input. Connect MOSI/A1 to DGND, VL, SCL, or SDA when SPI/I2C is low. Digital Ground Analog Ground LDO Enable Input. Drive LDOEN high to enable the internal 1.8V LDO. Drive LDOEN low to disable the internal LDO. Supply V18 with an external voltage source when LDOEN is low. Not Connected. Internally not connected. General-Purpose Input/Output 0. GPIO0 is user-programmable as an input or output (push-pull or open drain) or an external event-driven interrupt source. GPIO0 has a weak pulldown resistor to DGND when configured as an input. General-Purpose Input/Output 1. GPIO1 is user programmable as an input or output (push-pull or open drain) or an external event-driven interrupt source. GPIO1 has a weak pulldown resistor to DGND when configured as an input. Crystal/Clock Input. When using an external crystal, connect one end of the crystal to XIN and the other end to XOUT. When using an external clock source, drive XIN with the single-ended external clock. Crystal Output. When using an external crystal, connect one end of the crystal to XOUT and the other end to XIN. When using an external clock source, leave XOUT unconnected. SPI Selector Input or Active-Low I2C. Drive SPI/I2C low to enable I2C. Drive SPI/I2C high to enable SPI. General-Purpose Input/Output 3. GPIO3 is user-programmable as input or output (push-pull or open drain) or an external event-driven interrupt source. GPIO3 has a weak pulldown resistor to DGND when configured as an input. Active-Low Clear-to-Send Input. CTS is a flow-control status input. Transceiver Interface Power Supply. VEXT powers the internal logic-level translators for RX, TX, RTS, CTS, and GPIO_. Bypass VEXT with a 0.1FF ceramic capacitor to DGND. General-Purpose Input/Output 2. GPIO2 is user programmable as input or output (push-pull or open drain) or an external event-driven interrupt source. GPIO2 has a weak pulldown resistor to DGND when configured as an input. Active-Low Request-to-Send Output. RTS can be set high or low by programming the LCR register. Serial Transmitting Data Output Serial Receiving Data Input. RX has an internal weak pullup resistor to VEXT.
C5
GPIO1
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 E1
XIN XOUT SPI/I2C GPIO3 CTS VEXT
E2 E3 E4 E5
GPIO2 RTS TX RX
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Detailed Description
The MAX3108 universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) bridges an SPI/MICROWIREK or I2C microprocessor bus to an asynchronous serial-data communication link. The MAX3108 contains an advanced UART, a fractional baud-rate generator, and four GPIOs. Eight-bit registers configure and monitor the MAX3108 and are accessed through SPI or I2C, selectable by an external pin. The registers are organized by related function as shown in the Register Map section. The host controller loads data into the Transmit Hold register (THR) through the SPI or I2C interface. This data is automatically pushed into the transmit first-in/first-out (FIFO), formatted, and sent out at TX. The MAX3108 adds START, STOP, and parity bits to the data before transmitting at the selected baud rate. The clock configuration registers determine the baud rate, clock source, and clock frequency prescaling. The MAX3108 receiver detects a START bit as a highto-low transition on RX. An internal clock samples this data at 16 times the baud rate. The received data is automatically placed in the receive FIFO and can be read out by the host microcontroller through the Receive Hold register (RHR). The MAX3108's register set is compatible with the MAX3107. The MAX3108 has a flat register structure without shadow registers. The registers are 8 bits wide. The MAX3108 registers have some similarities to the 16C550 registers. The UART's receiver and transmitter each have a 128-word-deep FIFO, reducing the number of intervals that the host processor needs to dedicate for highspeed, high-volume data transfer to and from the device. As the data rates of the asynchronous RX/TX interfaces increase and get closer to those of the host controller's SPI/I2C data rates, UART management and flow-control can make up a significant portion of the host's activity. By increasing FIFO size, the host is interrupted less often and can use data block transfers to and from the FIFOs. FIFO trigger levels can generate interrupts to the host controller, signaling that programmed FIFO fill levels have been reached. The transmitter and receiver trigger levels are programmed through the FIFOTrgLvl register with a resolution of eight FIFO locations. The receive FIFO trigger signals to the host either that the receive FIFO has a defined number of words waiting to be read out in a block or that a known number of vacant FIFO locations are available and ready to be filled. The transmit FIFO trigger generates an interrupt when the transmit FIFO fill level is above the programmed trigger level. The host then knows to throttle data writing to the transmit FIFO through THR. The host can read out the number of words present in each of the FIFOs through the TxFIFOLvl and RxFIFOLvl registers. The contents of the TxFIFO and RxFIFO are both cleared when the MODE2[1]: FIFORst bit is set high. Figure 3 shows the structure of the transmitter with the TxFIFO. The transmit FIFO can hold up to 128 words of data that are added by writing to the THR register. The current number of words in the TxFIFO can be manually read out by the host controller through the TxFIFOLvl register. The transmit FIFO fill level can be
MAX3108
Transmitter Operation
DATA FROM SPI/I2C INTERFACE THR 128
Register Set
ISR[4]
TRIGGER
FIFOTrgLvl[3:0]
Receive and Transmit FIFOs
TxFIFOLvl
LEVEL
CURRENT FILL LEVEL
TRANSMIT FIFO
ISR[5]
EMPTY
3 2 1
TRANSMITTER
TX
Figure 3. Transmit FIFO Signals
MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
LSB RECEIVED DATA MIDDATA SAMPLING START D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 MSB D7 PARITY STOP STOP
Figure 4. Receive Data Format
RECEIVER OVERRUN
RECEIVED DATA
programmed trigger level, an interrupt is generated in ISR[4]: TxTrgInt.
RX
LSR[1]
WORD
ERROR 128
ISR[3]
TRIGGER
FIFOTrgLvl[7:4]
An interrupt is generated in ISR[5]: TFifoEmptyInt when the transmit FIFO is empty. ISR[5] goes high when the transmitter starts transmitting the last word in the TxFIFO. An additional interrupt is generated in STSInt[7]: TxEmptyInt when the transmitter completes transmitting the last word. To halt transmission, set the MODE1[1]: TxDisabl bit high. After TxDisabl is set, the transmitter completes the transmission of the current character and then ceases transmission. Turn the transmitter off prior to enabling auto software flow control and AutoRTS flow control. The TX output logic can be inverted through the IrDA[5]: TxInv bit. Unless otherwise noted, all transmitter logic described in this data sheet assumes that TxInv is set low. The receiver expects the format of the data at RX to be as shown in Figure 4. The quiescent logic state is logic-high and the first bit (the START bit) is logic-low. The 8-bit data word expected to be received LSB first. The receiver samples the data near the midbit instant (Figure 4). The received words and their associated errors are deposited into the receive FIFO. Errors and status information are stored for every received word (Figure 5). The host reads the data out of the receive FIFO by reading RHR, which comes out oldest data first. The status and error information for the word most recently read from RHR is located in the Line Status register (LSR). After a word is read out of RHR, LSR contains the status information for that word.
RECEIVE FIFO
CURRENT FILL LEVEL
RxFIFOLvl
I2C/SPI INTERFACE LSR[0] ISR[6] LSR[5:2] TIMEOUT EMPTY ERRORS
RHR
4 3 2 1
Receiver Operation
Figure 5. Receive FIFO
programmed to generate an interrupt when more than a programmed number of words are present in the TxFIFO through the FIFOTrgLvl register. This TxFIFO interrupt trigger level is selectable by the FIFOTrgLvl[3:0] bits. When the transmit FIFO fill level increases beyond the
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
ONE BIT PERIOD RX A
BAUD BLOCK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
MAJORITY CENTER SAMPLER
Figure 6. Midbit Sampling
CrystalEn
PLLBypass
XOUT XIN
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
BAUD-RATE GENERATOR PREDIVIDER PLL
PLLEn
Figure 7. Clock Selection Diagram
The following three error conditions are checked for each received word: parity error, frame error, and noise on the line. Parity errors are detected by calculating either even or odd parity of the received word as programmed by register settings. Framing errors are detected when the received data frame does not match the expected frame format in length. Line noise is detected by checking the logical congruency of the three samples taken of each bit (Figure 6). The receiver can be turned off by setting the MODE1[0]: RxDisabl bit high. After this bit is set high, the MAX3108 turns the receiver off immediately following the current word and does not receive any further data.
The RX input logic can be inverted by setting the IrDA[4]: RxInv bit high. Unless otherwise noted, all receiver logic described in this data sheet assumes that RxInv is set low. When operating in standard or 2x (i.e., not 4x) rate mode, the MAX3108 checks that the binary logic level of the three samples per received bit are identical. If any of the three samples per received bit have differing logic levels, then noise on the transmission line has affected the received data and it is considered to be noisy. This noise indication is reflected in the LSR[5]: RxNoise bit for each received byte. Parity errors are another indication of noise, but are not as sensitive.
Line Noise Indication
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17
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
The MAX3108 can be clocked by either an external crystal or an external clock source. Figure 7 shows a simplified diagram of the clock selection circuitry. When the MAX3108 is clocked by a crystal, the STSInt[5]: ClkReady bit indicates when the crystal oscillator has reached steady state and the baud-rate generator is ready for stable operation. The baud-rate clock can be routed to the RTS output by setting the CLKSource[7]: CLKtoRTS bit high. The clock rate is 16x the baud rate in standard operating mode, 8x the baud rate in 2x rate mode, and 4x the baud rate in 4x rate mode. If the fractional portion of the baud-rate generator is used, the clock is not regular and exhibits jitter. Crystal Oscillator The MAX3108 is equipped with a crystal oscillator to provide high baud-rate accuracy and low power consumption. Set the CLKSource[1]: CrystalEn bit high to enable and select the crystal oscillator. The on-chip crystal oscillator has integrated load capacitances of 16pF in both the XIN and XOUT pins. Connect only an external crystal or ceramic oscillator between XIN and XOUT. External Clock Source Connect an external single-ended clock source to XIN when not using the crystal oscillator. Leave XOUT unconnected. Set the CLKSource[1]: CrystalEn bit low to select external clocking. The internal predivider and PLL allow for compatibility with a wide range of external clock frequencies and baud rates. The PLL can be configured to multiply the input clock rate by a factor of 6, 48, 96, or 144 by the PLLConfig[7:6] bits. The predivider is located between the input clock and the PLL and allows division of the input clock by an integer factor between 1 and 63. This value is defined by the PLLConfig[5:0] bits. See the PLLConfig register description for more information. Use of the PLL requires VCC to be higher than 2.35V. The internal fractional baud-rate generator provides a high degree of flexibility and high resolution in baud-rate programming. The baud-rate generator has a 16-bit integer divisor and a 4-bit word for the fractional divisor. The fractional baud-rate generator can be used either with the crystal oscillator or external clock source.
Clock Selection
The integer and fractional divisors are calculated by the divisor, D: f x RateMode D = REF 16 x BaudRate where fREF is the reference frequency input to the baudrate generator, RateMode is the rate mode multiplier (1x default), BaudRate is the desired baud rate, and D is the ideal divisor. fREF must be less than 96MHz. RateMode is 1 in 1x rate mode, 2 in 2x rate mode, and 4 in 4x rate mode. The integer divisor portion, DIV, of the divisor, D, is obtained by truncating D: DIV(decimal) = TRUNC(D) DIV can be a maximum of 16 bits (65,535) wide and is programmed into the two single-byte-wide registers DIVMSB and DIVLSB. The minimum allowed value for DIVLSB is 1. The fractional portion of the divisor, FRACT, is a 4-bit nibble that is programmed into BRGConfig[3:0]. The maximum value is 15, allowing the divisor to be programmed with a resolution of 0.0625. FRACT is calculated as: FRACT = ROUND(16 x (D - DIV)). The following is an example of how to calculate the divisor. It is based on a required baud rate of 190kbaud and a reference input frequency of 28.23MHz and 1x (default) rate mode. The ideal divisor is calculated as: D = 28,230,000/(16 x 190,000) = 9.286 hence DIV = 9. FRACT = ROUND(16 x 0.286) = 5 so DIVMSB = 0x00, DIVLSB = 0x09, and BRGConfig[3:0] = 0x05. The resulting actual baud rate can be calculated as: f x RateMode BR ACTUAL = REF 16 x D ACTUAL For this example: DACTUAL = 9 + 5/16 = 9.3125, RateMode = 1, and BRACTUAL= 28,230,000/(16 x 9.3125) = 189,463 baud. Thus, the actual baud rate is within 0.28% of the ideal rate.
PLL and Predivider
Fractional Baud-Rate Generator
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
The MAX3108 offers 2x and 4x rate modes in order to support higher baud rates than possible with standard operation using 16x sampling. In these modes, the reference clock rate only needs to be either 8x or 4x higher than the baud rate, respectively. In 4x rate mode, each received bit is only sampled once at the midbit instant instead of the usual three samples to determine the logic value of the received bit. This reduces the ability to detect line noise on the received data in 4x rate mode. The 2x and 4x rate modes are selectable through BRGConfig[5:4]. Note that IrDA encoding and decoding does not operate in 2x and 4x rate modes. When 2x rate mode is selected, the actual baud rate is twice the rate programmed into the baud-rate generator. If 4x rate mode is enabled, the actual baud rate on the line is quadruple that of the programmed baud rate (Figure 8). In multidrop mode, also known as 9-bit mode, the data word length is 8 bits and a 9th bit is used for distinguishing between an address word and a data word. Multidrop mode is enabled by the MODE2[6]: MultiDrop bit. The MultiDrop bit takes the place of the parity bit in the data word structure. Parity checking is disabled and an interrupt is generated in SpclCharInt[5]: MultiDropInt when an address (9th bit is 1) is received while in multidrop mode. It is up to the host processor to filter out the data intended for its address. Alternatively, the auto data-filtering feature can be used to automatically filter out the data not intended for the station's specific 9-bit mode address.
2x and 4x Rate Modes
In multidrop mode, the MAX3108 can be configured to automatically filter out data that is not meant for its address. The address is user-definable either by programming a register value or a combination of a register value and GPIO hardware inputs. Use either the entire XOFF2 register or the XOFF2[7:4] bits in combination with GPIO_ inputs to define the address. Enable multidrop mode by setting the MODE2[6]: MultiDrop bit high and enable auto data filtering by setting the MODE2[4]: SpecialChr bit high. When using register bits in combination with GPIO_ inputs to define the address, the MSB of the address is written to the XOFF2[7:4] bits, while the LSBs of the address are defined by the GPIOs. To enable this address-definition method along with auto data filtering, set the FlowCtrl[2]: GPIAddr bit high in addition to the MODE2[4]: SpecialChr and MODE2[6]: MultiDrop bits. The GPIO_ inputs are automatically read when the FlowCtrl[2]: GPIAddr bit is set high, and the address is automatically updated on logic changes to any GPIO pin. When using auto data filtering, the MAX3108 checks each received address against the programmed station address. When an address is received that matches the station's address, received data is stored in the RxFIFO. When an address is received that does not match the station's address, received data is discarded. Addresses are not stored into the FIFO but an interrupt is still generated in SpclCharInt[5]: MultiDropInt upon receiving an address. An additional interrupt is generated in SpclCharInt[3]: XOFF2Int when the station address is received.
Auto Data Filtering in Multidrop Mode
MAX3108
Multidrop Mode
DIV[LSB] DIV[MSB] FRACT fREF FRACTIONAL RATE GENERATOR
BRGConfig[5:4]
1x, 2x, 4x RATE MODES
BAUD RATE
NOTE: IrDA DOES NOT WORK IN 2x AND 4x MODES.
Figure 8. 2x and 4x Baud Rates
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19
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
In some half-duplex communication systems, the transceiver's transmitter must be turned off when data is being received in order to not load the bus. This is the case in half-duplex RS-485 communication. Similarly, in full-duplex multidrop communication such as RS-485 or RS-422 V.11, only one transmitter can be enabled at any one time while the others must be disabled. The MAX3108 can be configured to automatically enable/disable a transceiver's transmitter and/or receiver at the hardware level by controlling its DE and RE pins. This feature relieves the host processor of this time-critical task. The RTS output is used to control the transceivers' transmit-enable input and is automatically set high
Auto Transceiver Direction Control
when the MAX3108's transmitter starts transmission. This occurs as soon as data is present in the transmit FIFO. Auto transceiver direction control is enabled by the MODE1[4]: TrnscvCtrl bit. Figure 9 shows a typical MAX3108 connection in an RS-485 application using the auto transceiver direction control feature. The RTS output can be set high in advance of TX transmission by a programmable time period called the setup time (Figure 10). The setup time is programmed by the HDplxDelay[7:4]: Setupx bits. Similarly, the RTS output can be held high for a programmable period after the transmitter has completed transmission called the hold time. The hold time is programmed by the HDplxDelay[3:0]: Holdx bits.
TRANSMITTER TxFIFO
TX
DI
D
DE AUTO TRANSCEIVER CONTROL RTS RE B
MAX3108
MAX14840E
A
RxFIFO RECEIVER
RX
RO
R
Figure 9. Auto Transceiver Direction Control
RTS SETUP HOLD
TX FIRST CHARACTER LAST CHARACTER
Figure 10. Setup and Hold times in Auto Transceiver Direction Control
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
The MAX3108 can suppress echoed data that is sometimes found in half-duplex communication networks, such as RS-485 and IrDA. If the transceiver's receiver is not turned off while the transceiver is transmitting, copies (echoes) of the transmitted data are received by the UART. The MAX3108's receiver can block the reception of this echoed data by enabling echo suppression. Figure 11 shows a typical RS-485 application using the echo suppression feature. Set the MODE2[7]: EchoSuprs bit high to enable echo suppression.
Echo Suppression
The MAX3108 can also block echoes with a long round trip delay by disabling the transceiver's receiver with the RTS output while the MAX3108 is transmitting. The transmitter can be configured to remain enabled after the end of the transmission for a programmable period of time called the hold time delay (Figure 12). The hold time delay is set by the HDplxDelay[3:0] bits. See the HDplxDelay description in the Detailed Register Descriptions section for more information. Echo suppression can operate simultaneously with auto transceiver direction control.
MAX3108
TRANSMITTER TxFIFO
TX
DI
D
DE ECHO SUPPRESSION RTS RE B
MAX3108
MAX14840E
A
RxFIFO RECEIVER
RX
RO
R
Figure 11. Half-Duplex with Echo Suppression
TX
STOP BIT DI TO RO PROPAGATION DELAY
HOLD DELAY
RX
RTS
Figure 12. Echo Suppression Timing
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21
SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
The MAX3108 is capable of auto hardware (RTS and CTS) flow control without the need for host processor intervention. When AutoRTS control is enabled, the MAX3108 automatically controls the RTS handshake without the need for host processor intervention. AutoCTS flow control separately turns the MAX3108's transmitter on and off based on the CTS input. AutoRTS and AutoCTS flow control modes are independently enabled by the FlowCtrl[1:0] bits. AutoRTS Control AutoRTS flow control ensures that the receive FIFO does not overflow by signaling to the far-end UART to stop data transmission. The MAX3108 does this automatically by controlling the RTS output. AutoRTS flow control is enabled by setting the FlowCtrl[0]: AutoRTS bit high. The HALT and RESUME programmable values determine the threshold RxFIFO fill levels at which RTS is asserted and deasserted. Set the HALT and RESUME levels in the FlowLvl register. With differing HALT and RESUME levels, hysteresis of the RxFIFO level can be defined for RTS transitions. When the RxFIFO is filled to a level higher than the HALT level, the MAX3108 deasserts RTS and stops the far-end UART from transmitting any additional data. RTS remains deasserted until the RxFIFO is emptied enough so that the number of words falls to below the RESUME level. Interrupts are not generated when the HALT and RESUME levels are reached. This allows the host controller to be completely disengaged from RTS flow control management. AutoCTS Control When AutoCTS flow control is enabled, the UART automatically starts transmitting data when the CTS input is logic-low and stops transmitting data when CTS is logic-high. This frees the host processor from managing this time-critical flow-control task. AutoCTS flow control is enabled by setting the FlowCtrl[1]: AutoCTS bit high. The ISR[7]: CTSInt interrupt works normally during AutoCTS flow control. Set the IRQEn[7]: CTSIntEn bit low to disable routing of CTS interrupts to IRQ and ensure that the host does not receive interrupts from CTS transitions. If CTS transitions from low to high during transmission of a data word, the MAX3108 completes the transmission of the current word and halts transmission afterwards.
Auto Hardware Flow Control
Turn the transmitter off by setting the MODE1[1]: TxDisabl bit high before enabling AutoCTS control. When auto software flow control is enabled, the MAX3108 recognizes and/or sends predefined XON/XOFF characters to control the flow of data across the asynchronous serial link. The XON character signifies that there is enough room in the receive FIFO and transmission of data should continue. The XOFF character signifies that the receive FIFO is nearing overflow and that the transmission of data should stop. Auto software flow control works autonomously and does not require host intervention, similar to auto hardware flow control. To reduce the chance of receiving corrupted data that equals a singlebyte XON or XOFF character, the MAX3108 allows for double-wide (16-bit) XON/XOFF characters. The XON and XOFF characters are programmed into the XON1, XON2 and XOFF1, XOFF2 registers. The FlowCtrl[7:3] bits are used for enabling and configuring auto software flow control. An interrupt is generated in ISR[1]: SpCharInt whenever an XON or XOFF character is received and details are stored in the SpclCharInt register. Set the IRQEn[1]: SpclChrIEn bit low to disable routing of the interrupt to IRQ. Software flow control consists of transmit flow control and receive flow control, which operate independently of each other. Receiver Flow Control When auto receive flow control is enabled by the FlowCtrl[7:6] bits, the MAX3108 automatically controls the transmission of data by the far-end UART by sending XOFF and XON control characters. The HALT and RESUME levels determine the threshold RxFIFO fill levels at which the XOFF and XON characters are sent. HALT and RESUME are programmed in the FlowLvl register. With differing HALT and RESUME levels, hysteresis can be defined in the RxFIFO fill level for the receiver flow control activity. When the RxFIFO is filled to a level higher than the HALT level, the MAX3108 sends an XOFF character to stop data transmission. An XON character is sent when the RxFIFO is emptied enough so that the number of words falls to below the RESUME level. If double-wide (16-bit) XON/XOFF characters are selected by setting the FlowCtrl[7:6] bits to 11, then XON1/ XOFF1 are transmitted before XON2/XOFF2 whenever a control character is transmitted.
Auto Software (XON/XOFF) Flow Control
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Transmitter Flow Control If auto transmit control is enabled by the FlowCtrl[5:4] bits, the receiver compares all received words with the XOFF and XON characters. When an XOFF character is received, the MAX3108 halts the transmitter from sending further data following any currently transmitting word. The receiver is not affected and continues receiving. Upon receiving an XON character, the transmitter restarts sending data. The received XON and XOFF characters are filtered out and are not stored into the receive FIFO. An interrupt is not generated. If double-wide (16-bit) XON/XOFF characters are selected by setting the FlowCtrl[5:4] bits to 11, then a character matching XON1/XOFF1 must be received before a character matching XON2/XOFF2 in order to be interpreted as a control character. Turn the transmitter off by setting the MODE1[1]: TxDisabl bit high before enabling software transmitter flow control. Receive and transmit FIFO fill-dependent interrupts are generated if FIFO trigger levels are defined. When the number of words in the FIFOs reach or exceed a trigger level programmed in the FIFOTrgLvl register, an interrupt is generated in ISR[3] or ISR[4]. The interrupt trigger levels operate independently from the HALT and RESUME flow control levels in AutoRTS or auto software flow control modes. The FIFO interrupt triggering can be used, for example, for a block data transfer. The trigger level interrupt gives the host an indication that a given block size of data is available for reading in the receive FIFO or available for transfer to the transmit FIFO. If the HALT and RESUME levels are outside of this range, then the UART continues to transmit or receive data during the block read/write operations for uninterrupted data transmission on the bus. The MAX3108 has sleep and shutdown modes that reduce power consumption during periods of inactivity. In both sleep and shutdown modes, the UART disables specific functional blocks to reduce power consumption. After sleep or shutdown mode is exited, the internal clock starts up and a period of time is needed for clock stabilization. The STSInt[5]: ClkReady bit indicates when the clocks are stable. When an external clock source is used, the ClkReady bit does not indicate clock stability. Forced-Sleep Mode In forced-sleep mode, all UART-related on-chip clocking is stopped. The following blocks are inactive: the crystal oscillator, the PLL, the predivider, the receiver, and the transmitter. The I2C/SPI interface and the registers remain active and the host controller can access them. To force the MAX3108 to enter sleep mode, set the MODE1[5]: ForcedSleep bit high. To exit forced-sleep mode, set the ForcedSleep bit low. Auto-Sleep Mode The MAX3108 can be configured to operate in auto-sleep mode by setting the MODE1[6]: AutoSleep bit high. In auto-sleep mode, the MAX3108 automatically enters sleep mode when all the following conditions are met: * BothFIFOsareempty. * TherearenopendingIRQ interrupts. * There is no activity on any input pins for a period equal to 65,536 UART character lengths. The same blocks are inactive when the UART is in autosleep mode as in forced-sleep mode. The MAX3108 exits auto-sleep mode as soon as activity is detected on any of the GPIO_, RX, or CTS inputs. To manually exit auto-sleep mode, set the MODE1[6]: AutoSleep bit low. Shutdown Mode Drive the RST input to logic-low to enter shutdown mode. Shutdown mode consumes the least possible amount of power. In shutdown mode, all the MAX3108 circuitry is off except for the 1.8V LDO. This includes the I2C/ SPI interface, the registers, the FIFOs, and the clocking circuitry. When the RST input transitions from low to high, the MAX3108 exits shutdown mode and a hardware reset is initiated. The chip initialization is complete when the IRQ output is logic-high. The MAX3108 needs to be reprogrammed following a shutdown. The IRQ output has two functions. During normal operation (the MODE1[7]: IRQSel bit is 1), IRQ operates as a hardware active-low interrupt output; IRQ is asserted when an interrupt is pending. An IRQ interrupt is only possible during normal operation if at least one of the interrupt enable bits in the IRQEn register is set.
MAX3108
FIFO Interrupt Triggering
Low-Power Standby Modes
Power-Up and IRQ
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
During power-up or following a hardware reset, IRQ has a different function: it is held low during initialization and deasserts when the MAX3108 is ready for programming. Once IRQ goes high, the MAX3108 is ready to be programmed through the I2C/SPI interface. Set the MODE1[7]: IRQSel bit high to enable normal IRQ interrupt operation following a power-up or reset. In polled mode, any register with a known reset value can be polled to check whether the MAX3108 is ready for operation. If the controller gets a valid response from the polled register, then the MAX3108 is ready for operation. Figure 13 shows the structure of the interrupt. There are four interrupt source registers: ISR, LSR, STSInt, and SpclCharInt. The interrupt sources are divided into toplevel and low-level interrupts. The top-level interrupts typically occur more often and can be read out by the host controller directly through ISR. The low-level interrupts typically occur less often and their specific source can be read out by the host controller through LSR, STSInt, or SpclCharInt. The three LSBs of ISR point to the low-level interrupt registers that contain the details of the interrupt source. Interrupt Enabling Every interrupt bit of the four interrupt registers can be enabled or masked through an associated interrupt enable register bit. These are the IRQEn, LSRIntEn, SpclChrIntEn, and STSIntEn registers. By default, all interrupts are masked. Interrupt Clearing When an interrupt is pending (i.e., IRQ is asserted) and ISR is read, both the ISR bits are cleared and the IRQ output is deasserted. Low-level interrupt information does not reassert IRQ for the same interrupt, but remains stored in the low-level interrupt registers until each is separately cleared. SpclCharInt and STSInt are clearon-read (COR). The LSR bits are only cleared when the source of the interrupt is removed, not when LSR is read.
Interrupt Structure
[7]
IRQ
[0] 8 ISR 7 8 STSInt 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 6 5 4 3 2 8 SpclCharInt 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 1 0
TOP-LEVEL INTERRUPTS
LOW-LEVEL INTERRUPTS
8 LSR 3 2 1 0
Figure 13. Simplified Interrupt Structure
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Register Map
(Note: All default reset values are 0x00, unless otherwise noted. All registers are R/W, unless otherwise noted.)
REGISTER FIFO DATA RHR1 THR1 INTERRUPTS IRQEn ISR1, 2 LSRIntEn LSR1 SpclChrIntEn SpclCharInt1 STSIntEn STSInt1 UART MODES MODE1 MODE2 LCR2 RxTimeOut HDplxDelay IrDA FIFOs CONTROL FlowLvl FIFOTrgLvl2 TxFIFOLvl1 RxFIFOLvl1 FLOW CONTROL FlowCtrl XON1 XON2 XOFF1 XOFF2 GPIOs GPIOConfg GPIOData CLOCK CONFIGURATION PLLConfig2 BRGConfig DIVLSB2 DIVMSB CLKSource2 0x1A 0x1B 0x1C 0x1D 0x1E PLLFactor1 -- Div7 Div15 CLKtoRTS PLLFactor0 -- Div6 Div14 -- PreDiv5 4xMode Div5 Div13 -- PreDiv4 2xMode Div4 Div12 -- PreDiv3 FRACT3 Div3 Div11 PLLBypass PreDiv2 FRACT2 Div2 Div10 PLLEn PreDiv1 FRACT1 Div1 Div9 CystalEn PreDiv0 FRACT0 Div0 Div8 -- 0x18 0x19 GP3OD GPI3Dat GP2OD GPI2Dat GP1OD GPI1Dat GP0OD GPI0Dat GP3Out GPO3Dat GP2Out GPO2Dat GP1Out GPO1Dat GP0Out GPO0Dat 0x13 0x14 0x15 0x16 0x17 SwFlow3 Bit7 Bit7 Bit7 Bit7 SwFlow2 Bit6 Bit6 Bit6 Bit6 SwFlow1 Bit5 Bit5 Bit5 Bit5 SwFlow0 Bit4 Bit4 Bit4 Bit4 SwFlowEn Bit3 Bit3 Bit3 Bit3 GPIAddr Bit2 Bit2 Bit2 Bit2 AutoCTS Bit1 Bit1 Bit1 Bit1 AutoRTS Bit0 Bit0 Bit0 Bit0 0x0F 0x10 0x11 0x12 Resume3 RxTrig3 TxFL7 RxFL7 Resume2 RxTrig2 TxFL6 RxFL6 Resume1 RxTrig1 TxFL5 RxFL5 Resume0 RxTrig0 TxFL4 RxFL4 Halt3 TxTrig3 TxFL3 RxFL3 Halt2 TxTrig2 TxFL2 RxFL2 Halt1 TxTrig1 TxFL1 RxFL1 Halt0 TxTrig0 TxFL0 RxFL0 0x09 0x0A 0x0B 0x0C 0x0D 0x0E IRQSel EchoSuprs RTSbit TimOut7 Setup3 -- AutoSleep MultiDrop TxBreak TimOut6 Setup2 -- ForcedSleep Loopback ForceParity TimOut5 Setup1 TxInv TrnscvCtrl SpecialChr EvenParity TimOut4 Setup0 RxInv RTSHiZ RFifoEmptyInv ParityEn TimOut3 Hold3 MIR TXHiZ RxTrgInv StopBits TimOut2 Hold2 -- TxDisabl FIFORst Length1 TimOut1 Hold1 SIR RxDisabl RST Length0 TimOut0 Hold0 IrDAEn 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 CTSIEn CTSInt -- CTSbit -- -- TxEmptyIntEn TxEmptyInt RxEmtyIEn RFifoEmptyInt -- -- -- -- SleepIntEn SleepInt TFifoEmtyIEn TFifoEmptyInt NoiseIntEn RxNoise MltDrpIntEn MultiDropInt ClkRdyIntEn ClkReady TxTrgIEn TxTrgInt RBreakIEn RxBreak BREAKIntEn BREAKInt -- -- RxTrgIEn RxTrigInt FrameErrIEn FrameErr XOFF2IntEn XOFF2Int GPI3IntEn GPI3Int STSIEn STSInt ParityIEn RxParityErr XOFF1IntEn XOFF1Int GPI2IntEn GPI2Int SpChrIEn SpCharInt ROverrIEn RxOverrun XON2IntEn XON2Int GPI1IntEn GPI1Int LSRErrIEn LSRErrInt RTimoutIEn RTimeout XON1IntEn XON1Int GPI0IntEn GPI0Int 0x00 0x00 RData7 TData7 RData6 TData6 RData5 TData5 RData4 TData4 RData3 TData3 RData2 TData2 RData1 TData1 RData0 TData0 ADDR BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0
MAX3108
1Denotes nonread/write mode: RHR = R, THR = W, ISR = COR, LSR = R, SpclCharInt = COR, STSInt = R/COR, TxFIFOLvl = R, RxFIFOLvl = R. 2Denotes nonzero default reset value: ISR = 0x60, LCR = 0x05, FIFOTrgLvl = 0xFF, PLLConfig = 0x01, DIVLSB = 0x01, CLKSource = 0x18.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Detailed Register Descriptions
The MAX3108 has a flat register structure that does not have shadow registers, which makes programming simple and efficient. All registers are 8 bits wide.
Receive Hold Register (RHR)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 RData7 0 0x00 R 6 RData6 0 5 RData5 0 4 RData4 0 3 RData3 0 2 RData2 0 1 RData1 0 0 RData0 0
Bits 7-0: RDatax The RHR is the bottom of the receive FIFO and is the register used for reading data out of the receive FIFO. It contains the oldest (first received) character in the receive FIFO. RHR[0] is the LSB of the character received at the RX input. It is the first data bit of the serial-data word received by the receiver. Reading RHR removes the read word from the receive FIFO, clearing space for more data to be received.
Transmit Hold Register (THR)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 TData7 0 0x00 W 6 TData6 0 5 TData5 0 4 TData4 0 3 TData3 0 2 TData2 0 1 TData1 0 0 TData0 0
Bits 7-0: TDatax The THR is the register that the host controller writes data to for subsequent UART transmission. This data is deposited in the transmit FIFO. THR[0] is the LSB. It is the first data bit of the serial-data word that the transmitter sends out, immediately after the START bit.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
IRQ Enable Register (IRQEn)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 CTSIEn 0 0x01 R/W 6 RxEmtyIEn 0 5 TFifoEmtyIEn 0 4 TxTrgIEn 0 3 RxTrgIEn 0 2 STSIEn 0 1 SpChrIEn 0 0 LSRErrIEn 0
MAX3108
The IRQEn register is used to enable the IRQ physical interrupt. Any of the eight ISR interrupt sources can be enabled to generate an interrupt on IRQ. The IRQEn bits only influence the IRQ output and do not have any effect on the ISR contents or behavior. Every one of the IRQEn bits operates on a corresponding ISR bit. Bit 7: CTSIEn The CTSIEn bit enables IRQ interrupt generation when the CTSInt interrupt is set in ISR[7]. Set CTSIEn low to disable IRQ generation from CTSInt. Bit 6: RxEmtyIEn The RxEmtyIEn bit enables IRQ interrupt generation when the RFifoEmptyInt interrupt is set in ISR[6]. Set RxEmtyIEn low to disable IRQ generation from RFifoEmptyInt. Bit 5: TFifoEmtyIEn The TFifoEmtyIEn bit enables IRQ interrupt generation when the TFifoEmptyInt interrupt is set in ISR[5]. Set TFifoEmtyIEn low to disable IRQ generation from TFifoEmptyInt. Bit 4: TxTrgIEn The TxTrgIEn bit enables IRQ interrupt generation when the TxTrgInt interrupt is set in ISR[4]. Set TxTrgIEn low to disable IRQ generation from TxTrgInt. Bit 3: RxTrgIEn The RxTrgIEn bit enables IRQ interrupt generation when the RxTrigInt interrupt is set in ISR[3]. Set RxTrgIEn low to disable IRQ generation from RxTrigInt. Bit 2: STSIEn The STSIEn bit enables IRQ interrupt generation when the STSInt interrupt is set in ISR[2]. Set STSIEn low to disable IRQ generation from STSInt. Bit 1: SpChrIEn The SpChrIEn bit enables IRQ interrupt generation when the SpCharInt interrupt is set in ISR[1]. Set SpclChrIEn low to disable IRQ generation from SpCharInt. Bit 0: LSRErrIEn The LSRErrIEn bit enables IRQ interrupt generation when the LSRErrInt interrupt is set in ISR[0]. Set LSRErrIEn low to disable IRQ generation from LSRErrInt.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Interrupt Status Register (ISR)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 CTSInt 0 0x02 COR 6 RFifoEmptyInt 1 5 TFifoEmptyInt 1 4 TxTrgInt 0 3 RxTrigInt 0 2 STSInt 0 1 SpCharInt 0 0 LSRErrInt 0
The Interrupt Status register provides an overview of all interrupts generated by the MAX3108. Both the interrupt bits and any pending interrupts on IRQ are cleared after reading ISR. When the MAX3108 is operated in polled mode, ISR can be polled to establish the UART's status. In interrupt-driven mode, IRQ interrupts are enabled by the appropriate IRQEn bits. The ISR contents either give direct information on the cause for the interrupt or point to other registers that contain more detailed information. Bit 7: CTSInt The CTSInt interrupt is generated when a logic state transition occurs at the CTS input. CTSInt is cleared after ISR is read. The current logic state of the CTS input can be read out through the LSR[7]: CTSbit bit. Bit 6: RFifoEmptyInt The RFifoEmptyInt interrupt is generated when the receive FIFO is empty. RFifoEmptyInt is cleared after ISR is read. Its meaning can be inverted by the MODE2[3]: RFifoEmptyInv bit. Bit 5: TFifoEmptyInt The TFifoEmptyInt interrupt is generated when the transmit FIFO is empty and the transmitter is transmitting the last character. Use STSInt[7]: TxEmptyInt to determine when the last character has completed transmission. TFifoEmptyInt is cleared after ISR is read. Bit 4: TxTrgInt The TxTrgInt interrupt is generated when the number of characters in the transmit FIFO is equal to or greater than the transmit FIFO trigger level defined in FIFOTrgLvl[3:0]. TxTrgInt is cleared when the transmit FIFO level falls below the trigger level or after ISR is read. TxTrgInt can be used as a warning that the transmit FIFO is nearing overflow. Bit 3: RxTrigInt The RxTrigInt interrupt is generated when the receive FIFO fill level reaches the receive FIFO trigger level defined in FIFOTrgLvl[7:4]. RxTrigInt can be used as an indication that the receive FIFO is nearing overrun. It can also be used to report that a known number of words are available that can be read out in one block. The meaning of RxTrigInt can be inverted by the MODE2[2]: RxTrgInv bit. RxTrigInt is cleared after ISR is read. Bit 2: STSInt The STSInt interrupt is generated when any interrupt in the STSInt register that is enabled by a STSIntEn bit is high. STSInt is cleared after ISR is read, but the interrupt in STSInt that caused this interrupt remains set. See the STSInt register description for details about this interrupt. Bit 1: SpCharInt The SpCharInt interrupt is generated when a special character is received, a line break is detected, or an address character is received in multidrop mode. SpCharInt is cleared after ISR is read, but the interrupt in SpclCharInt that caused this interrupt remains set. See the SpclCharInt register description for details about this interrupt. Bit 0: LSRErrInt The LSRErrInt interrupt is generated when any interrupts in LSR that are enabled by corresponding bits in LSRIntEn are set. This bit is cleared after ISR is read. See the LSR register description for details about this interrupt.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Line Status Interrupt Enable Register (LSRIntEn)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 -- 0 0x03 R/W 6 -- 0 5 NoiseIntEn 0 4 RBreakIEn 0 3 FrameErrIEn 0 2 ParityIEn 0 1 ROverrIEn 0 0 RTimoutIEn 0
MAX3108
LSRIntEn allows routing of LSR interrupts to ISR[0]. The LSRIntEn bits only influence the ISR[0]: LSRErrInt bit and do not have any effect on the LSR contents or behavior. Bits 5 to 0 of the LSRIntEn register operate on a corresponding LSR bit, while bits 7 and 6 are not used. Bits 7 and 6: No Function Bit 5: NoiseIntEn Set the NoiseIntEn bit high to enable routing the LSR[5]: RxNoise interrupt to ISR[0]. If NoiseIntEn is set low, RxNoise is not routed to ISR[0]. Bit 4: RBreakIEn Set the RBreakIEn bit high to enable routing the LSR[4]: RxBreak interrupt to ISR[0]. If RBreakIEn is set low, RxBreak is not routed to ISR[0]. Bit 3: FrameErrIEn Set the FrameErrIEn bit high to enable routing the LSR[3]: FrameErr interrupt to ISR[0]. If FrameErrIEn is set low, FrameErr is not routed to ISR[0]. Bit 2: ParityIEn Set the ParityIEn bit high to enable routing the LSR[2]: RxParityErr interrupt to ISR[0]. If ParityIEn is set low, RxParityErr is not routed to ISR[0]. Bit 1: ROverrIEn Set the ROverrIEn bit high to enable routing the LSR[1]: RxOverrun interrupt to ISR[0]. If ROverrIEn is set low, RxOverrun is not routed to ISR[0]. Bit 0: RTimoutIEn Set the RTimoutIEn bit high to enable routing the LSR[0]: RTimeout interrupt to ISR[0]. If RTimoutIEn is set low, RTimeout is not routed to ISR[0].
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Line Status Register (LSR)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 CTSbit X 0x04 R 6 -- 0 5 RxNoise 0 4 RxBreak 0 3 FrameErr 0 2 RxParityErr 0 1 RxOverrun 0 0 RTimeout 0
LSR contains all error information related to the word most recently read out from the RxFIFO through RHR. The LSR bits are not cleared after LSR is read; these bits stay set until the next character is read out of RHR, with the exception of LSR[1], which is cleared by reading either RHR or LSR. LSR also contains the current logic state of the CTS input. Bit 7: CTSbit The CTSbit bit reflects the current logic state of the CTS input. This bit is cleared when the CTS input is low and set when it is high. Following a power-up or reset, the logic state of CTSbit depends on the state of the CTS input. Bit 6: No Function Bit 5: RxNoise If noise is detected on the RX input during reception of a character, the RxNoise interrupt is generated for that character. LSR[5] corresponds to the character most recently read from RHR. RxNoise is cleared after the character following the "noisy character" is read out from RHR. RxNoise generates an interrupt in ISR[0] if enabled by LSRIntEn[5]. Bit 4: RxBreak If a line break (RX input low for a period longer than the programmed character duration) is detected, a break character is put in the RxFIFO and the RxBreak interrupt is generated for this character. A break character is represented by an all-zeros data character. The RxBreak interrupt distinguishes a regular character with all zeros from a break character. LSR[4] corresponds to the current character most recently read from RHR. RxBreak is cleared after the character following the break character is read out from RHR. RxBreak generates an interrupt in ISR[0] if enabled by LSRIntEn[4]. Bit 3: FrameErr The FrameErr interrupt is generated when the received data frame does not match the expected frame format in length. A frame error is related to errors in expected STOP bits. LSR[3] corresponds to the frame error of the character most recently read from RHR. FrameErr is cleared after the character following the affected character is read out from RHR. FrameErr generates an interrupt in ISR[0] if enabled by LSRIntEn[3]. Bit 2: RxParityErr The RxParityErr interrupt is generated when the parity computed on the character being received does not match the received character's parity bit. LSR[2] indicates a parity error for the character most recently read from RHR. RxParityErr is cleared when the character following the affected character is read out from RHR. In 9-bit multidrop mode (MODE2[6] is logic 1) the receiver does not check parity and the 9th bit (address/data) is stored in LSR[2]. RxParityErr generates an interrupt in ISR[0] if enabled by LSRIntEn[2]. Bit 1: RxOverrun The RxOverrun interrupt is generated when the receive FIFO is full and additional data is received that does not fit into the receive FIFO. The receive FIFO retains the data that it already contains and discards all new data. RxOverrun is cleared after LSR is read or the RxFIFO level falls below its maximum. RxOverrun generates an interrupt in ISR[0] if enabled by LSRIntEn[1]. Bit 0: RTimeout The RTimeout interrupt indicates that stale data is present in the receive FIFO. RTimeout is set when all of the characters in the RxFIFO have been present for at least as long as the period programmed into the RxTimeOut register.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
The timeout counter restarts whenever RHR is read or a new character is received by the RxFIFO. If the value in RxTimeOut is zero, RTimeout is disabled. RTimeout is cleared after a word is read out of the RxFIFO or a new word is received. RTimeout generates an interrupt in ISR[0] if enabled by LSRIntEn[0].
MAX3108
Special Character Interrupt Enable Register (SpclChrIntEn)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 -- 0 0x05 R/W 6 -- 0 5 MltDrpIntEn 0 4 BREAKIntEn 0 3 XOFF2IntEn 0 2 XOFF1IntEn 0 1 XON2IntEn 0 0 XON1IntEn 0
SpclChrIntEn allows routing of SpclCharInt interrupts to ISR[1]. The SpclChrIntEn bits only influence the ISR[1]: SpCharInt bit and do not have any effect on the SpclCharInt contents or behavior. Bits 7 and 6: No Function Bit 5: MltDrpIntEn Set the MltDrpIntEn bit high to enable routing the SpclCharInt[5]: MultiDropInt interrupt to ISR[1]. If MltDrpIntEn is set low, MultiDropInt is not routed to ISR[1]. Bit 4: BREAKIntEn Set the BREAKIntEn bit high to enable routing the SpclCharInt[4]: BREAKInt interrupt to ISR[1]. If BREAKIntEn is set low, BREAKInt is not routed to ISR[1]. Bit 3: XOFF2IntEn Set the XOFF2IntEn bit high to enable routing the SpclCharInt[3]: XOFF2Int interrupt to ISR[1]. If XOFF2IntEn is set low, XOFF2Int is not routed to ISR[1]. Bit 2: XOFF1IntEn Set the XOFF1IntEn bit high to enable routing the SpclCharInt[2]: XOFF1Int interrupt to ISR[1]. If XOFF1IntEn is set low, XOFF1Int is not routed to ISR[1]. Bit 1: XON2IntEn Set the XON2IntEn bit high to enable routing the SpclCharInt[1]: XON2Int interrupt to ISR[1]. If XON2IntEn is set low, XON2Int is not routed to ISR[1]. Bit 0: XON1IntEn Set the XON1IntEn bit high to enable routing the SpclCharInt[0]: XON1Int interrupt to ISR[1]. If XON1IntEn is set low, XON1Int is not routed to ISR[1].
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Special Character Interrupt Register (SpclCharInt)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 -- 0 0x06 COR 6 -- 0 5 MultiDropInt 0 4 BREAKInt 0 3 XOFF2Int 0 2 XOFF1Int 0 1 XON2Int 0 0 XON1Int 0
SpclCharInt contains interrupts that are generated when a special character is received, an address is received in multidrop mode, or a line break occurs. Bits 7 and 6: No Function Bit 5: MultiDropInt The MultiDropInt interrupt is generated when the MAX3108 receives an address character in 9-bit multidrop mode, enabled in MODE2[6]. MultiDropInt is cleared after SpclCharInt is read. MultiDropInt generates an interrupt in ISR[1] if enabled by SpclChrIntEn[5]. Bit 4: BREAKInt The BREAKInt interrupt is generated when a line break (RX low for longer than one character length) is detected by the receiver. BREAKInt is cleared after SpclCharInt is read. BREAKInt generates an interrupt in ISR[1] if enabled by SpclChrIntEn[4]. Bit 3: XOFF2Int The XOFF2Int interrupt is generated when both an XOFF2 special character is received and special character detection is enabled by MODE2[4]. XOFF2Int is cleared after SpclCharInt is read. XOFF2Int generates an interrupt in ISR[1] if enabled by SpclChrIntEn[3]. Bit 2: XOFF1Int The XOFF1Int interrupt is generated when both an XOFF1 special character is received and special character detection is enabled by MODE2[4]. XOFF1Int is cleared after SpclCharInt is read. XOFF1Int generates an interrupt in ISR[1] if enabled by SpclChrIntEn[2]. Bit 1: XON2Int The XON2Int interrupt is generated when both an XON2 special character is received and special character detection is enabled by MODE2[4]. XON2Int is cleared after SpclCharInt is read. XON2Int generates an interrupt in ISR[1] if enabled by SpclChrIntEn[1]. Bit 0: XON1Int The XON1Int interrupt is generated when both an XON1 special character is received and special character detection is enabled by MODE2[4]. XON1Int is cleared after SpclCharInt is read. XON1Int generates an interrupt in ISR[1] if enabled by SpclChrIntEn[0].
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
STS Interrupt Enable Register (STSIntEn)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 TxEmptyIntEn 0 0x07 R/W 6 SleepIntEn 0 5 ClkRdyIntEn 0 4 -- 0 3 GPI3IntEn 0 2 GPI2IntEn 0 1 GPI1IntEn 0 0 GPI0IntEn 0
MAX3108
STSIntEn allows routing of STSInt interrupts to ISR[2]. The STSIntEn bits only influence the ISR[2]: STSInt bit and do not have any effect on the STSInt contents or behavior, with the exception of the GPIxIntEn interrupt enable bits, which control the generation of the STSInt[3:0] interrupts. Bit 7: TxEmptyIntEn Set the TxEmptyIntEn bit high to enable routing the STSInt[7]: TxEmptyInt interrupt to ISR[2]. If TxEmptyIntEn is set low, TxEmptyInt is not routed to ISR[2]. Bit 6: SleepIntEn Set the SleepIntEn bit high to enable routing the STSInt[6]: SleepInt interrupt to ISR[2]. If SleepIntEn is set low, SleepInt is not routed to ISR[2]. Bit 5: ClkRdyIntEn Set the ClkRdyIntEn bit high to enable routing the STSInt[6]: ClkReady interrupt to ISR[2]. If ClkRdyIntEn is set low, ClkReady is not routed to ISR[2]. Bit 4: No Function Bits 3-0: GPIxIntEn Set the GPIxIntEn bits high to enable generating the STSInt[3:0]: GPIxInt interrupts. If any of the GPIxIntEn bits are set low, the associated GPIxInt interrupts are not generated.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Status Interrupt Register (STSInt)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 TxEmptyInt 0 0x08 R/COR 6 SleepInt 0 5 ClkReady 0 4 -- 0 3 GPI3Int 0 2 GPI2Int 0 1 GPI1Int 0 0 GPI0Int 0
Bit 7: TxEmptyInt The TxEmptyInt interrupt is generated when both the TxFIFO is empty and the last character has completed transmission. TxEmptyInt is cleared after STSInt is read. TxEmptyInt generates an interrupt in ISR[2] if enabled by STSIntEn[7]. Bit 6: SleepInt The SleepInt status bit is generated when the MAX3108 enters sleep mode. SleepInt is cleared when the MAX3108 exits sleep mode. This status bit is cleared when the clock is disabled and is not cleared by reading STSInt. SleepInt generates an interrupt in ISR[2] if enabled by STSIntEn[6]. Bit 5: ClkReady The ClkReady status bit is generated when the clock, the predivider, and the PLL have settled, signifying that the MAX3108 is ready for data communication. The ClkReady bit only works with the crystal oscillator. It does not work with external clocking through XIN. ClkReady is cleared when the clock is disabled and is not cleared after STSInt is read. ClkReady generates an interrupt in ISR[2] if enabled by STSIntEn[5]. Bit 4: No Function Bits 3-0: GPIxInt The GPIxInt interrupts are generated when a change of logic state occurs on the associated GPIO input. The GPIxInt interrupts are cleared after STSInt is read. The GPIxInt interrupts generate an interrupt in ISR[2] if enabled by the corresponding bits in STSIntEn[3:0].
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
MODE1 Register
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 IRQSel 0 0x09 R/W 6 AutoSleep 0 5 ForcedSleep 0 4 TrnscvCtrl 0 3 RTSHiZ 0 2 TXHiZ 0 1 TxDisabl 0 0 RxDisabl 0
MAX3108
Bit 7: IRQSel Depending on the logic level of the IRQSel bit, IRQ has different meanings. After a hardware (POR or RST) or software (MODE2[0]) reset, the IRQSel bit is set low and, after a short delay, the IRQ output signals the end of the power-up sequence. IRQ is low during power-up and transitions to high when the MAX3108 is ready to be programmed. Set IRQSel high to enable interrupt driven operation after the power-up sequence. Essentially, IRQSel is a global enable for all interrupts that acts in addition to the interrupt enable registers. Bit 6: AutoSleep Set the AutoSleep bit high to set the MAX3108 to automatically enter low-power sleep mode after a period of no activity (see the Auto-Sleep Mode section). An interrupt is generated in STSInt[6]: SleepInt when the MAX3108 enters sleep mode. Bit 5: ForcedSleep Set the ForcedSleep bit high to force the MAX3108 into low-power sleep mode (see the Forced-Sleep Mode section). The current sleep state can be read out through the ForcedSleep bit, even when the UART is in sleep mode. Bit 4: TrnscvCtrl Set the TrnscvCtrl bit high to enable auto transceiver direction control mode. RTS automatically controls the transceiver's transmit/receive enable/disable inputs in this mode. RTS is logic-low so that the transceiver is in receive mode with the transmitter disabled until the TxFIFO contains data available for transmission, at which point RTS is automatically set logic-high before the transmitter sends out the data. Once the transmitter is empty, RTS is automatically forced low again. Setup and hold times for RTS with respect to the TX output can be defined through the HDplxDelay register. A transmitter empty interrupt is generated in ISR[5] when the TxFIFO is empty. Bit 3: RTSHiZ Set the RTSHiZ bit high to three-state RTS. Bit 2: TXHiZ Set the TXHiZ bit high to three-state the TX output. Bit 1: TxDisabl Set the TxDisabl bit high to disable transmission. If the TxDisabl bit is set high during transmission, the transmitter completes sending out the current character and then ceases transmission. Data still present in the transmit FIFO remains in the TxFIFO. The TX output is set to logic-high after transmission. In auto transceiver direction control mode, TxDisabl is high when the transmitter is completely empty. Bit 0: RxDisabl Set the RxDisabl bit high to disable the receiver so that the receiver stops receiving data. All data present in the receive FIFO remains in the RxFIFO.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
MODE2 Register
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 EchoSuprs 0 0x0A R/W 6 MultiDrop 0 5 Loopback 0 4 SpecialChr 0 3 RFifoEmptyInv 0 2 RxTrgInv 0 1 FIFORst 0 0 RST 0
Bit 7: EchoSuprs Set the EchoSuprs bit high to discard any data that the MAX3108 receives when its transmitter is busy transmitting. In half-duplex communication such as RS-485 and IrDA, this allows blocking of the locally echoed data. The receiver can block data for an extended time after the transmitter ceases transmission by programming a hold time in HDplxDelay[3:0]. Bit 6: MultiDrop Set the MultiDrop bit high to enable the 9-bit multidrop mode. If this bit is set, parity checking is not performed by the receiver and parity generation is not done by the transmitter. The address/data indication takes the place of the parity bit in received and transmitted data words. The parity error interrupt in LSR[2] has a different meaning in multidrop mode: it represents the 9th bit (address/data indication) that is received with each 9-bit data character. Bit 5: Loopback Set the Loopback bit high to enable internal local loopback mode. This internally connects TX to RX and also RTS to CTS. In local loopback mode, the TX output and the RX input are disconnected from the internal transmitter and receiver. The TX output is in three-state. The RTS output remains connected to the internal logic and reflects the logic state programmed in LCR[7]. The CTS input is disconnected from RTS and the internal logic. CTS thus remains in a high-impedance state. Bit 4: SpecialChr Set the SpecialChr bit high to enable special character detection. The receiver can detect up to four special characters, as selected in FlowCtrl[5:4] and defined in the XON1, XON2, XOFF1, and/or XOFF2 registers, optionally in combination with GPIOx inputs if enabled through FlowCtrl[2]: GPIAddr. When a special character is received, it is put into the RxFIFO and a special character detect interrupt is generated in ISR[1]. Special character detection can be used in addition to auto XON/XOFF flow control if enabled by FlowCtrl[3]: SwFlowEn. In this case, XON/XOFF flow control is limited to single byte XON and XOFF characters (XON1 and XOFF1), and only two special characters can be defined (XON2 and XOFF2). Bit 3: RFifoEmtyInv Set the RFifoEmtyInv bit high to invert the meaning of the receiver empty interrupt in ISR[6]: RFifoEmptyInt. If RFifoEmtyInv is set low, RFifoEmptyInt is generated when the receive FIFO is empty. If RFifoEmtyInv is set high, RFifoEmptyInt is generated when data is put into the empty receive FIFO. Bit 2: RxTrgInv Set the RxTrgInv bit high to invert the meaning of the RxFIFO triggering. If the RxTrgInv bit is set low, an interrupt is generated in ISR[3]: RxTrigInt when the RxFIFO fill level is filled up to above the trigger level programmed into FIFOTrgLvl[7:4]. If RxTrgInv is set high, an interrupt is generated in ISR[3] when the RxFIFO is emptied to below the trigger level programmed into FIFOTrgLvl[7:4]. Bit 1: FIFORst Set the FIFORst bit high to clear all data contents from both the receive and transmit FIFOs. After a FIFO reset, set FIFORst low to continue normal operation. Bit 0: RST Set the RST bit high to initiate software reset for the MAX3108. The I2C/SPI bus stays active during this reset; communication with the MAX3108 is possible while RST is set. All register bits are reset to their reset state and all FIFOs are cleared during a reset. Set RST low to continue normal operation after a software reset. The MAX3108 requires reprogramming following a software reset.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Line Control Register (LCR)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 RTSbit 0 0x0B R/W 6 TxBreak 0 5 ForceParity 0 4 EvenParity 0 3 ParityEn 0 2 StopBits 1 1 Length1 0 0 Length0 1
MAX3108
Bit 7: RTSbit The RTSbit bit provides direct control of the RTS output logic state. If RTSbit is logic 1, then RTS is logic 1; if it is logic 0, then RTS is logic 0. RTSbit only works when CLKSource[7]: CLKtoRTS is set low. Bit 6: TxBreak Set the TxBreak bit high to generate a line break whereby the TX output is held low. TX remains low until TxBreak is set low. Bit 5: ForceParity The ForceParity bit enables forced parity that overrides normal parity generation. Set both the LCR[3]: ParityEn and ForceParity bits high to use forced parity. In forced-parity mode, the parity bit is forced high by the transmitter if the LCR[4]: EvenParity bit is low. The parity bit is forced low if EvenParity is high. Forced parity mode enables the transmitter to control the address/data bit in 9-bit multidrop communication. Bit 4: EvenParity Set the EvenParity bit high to enable even parity for both the transmitter and receiver. If EvenParity is set low, odd parity is used. Bit 3: ParityEn Set the ParityEn bit high to enable the use of a parity bit on the TX and RX interfaces. Set the ParityEn bit low to disable parity usage. If ParityEn is set low, then no parity bit is generated by the transmitter or expected by the receiver. If ParityEn is set high, the transmitter generates the parity bit whose polarity is defined in LCR[4]: EvenParity, and the receiver checks the parity bit according to the same polarity. Bit 2: StopBits The StopBits bit defines the number of stop bits and depends on the length of the word programmed in LCR[1:0] (Table 1). For example, when StopBits is set high and the word length is 5, the transmitter generates a word with a stop bit length equal to 1.5 baud periods. Under these conditions, the receiver recognizes a stop bit length greater than a one-bit duration. Bits 1 and 0: Lengthx The Lengthx bits configure the length of the words that the transmitter generates and the receiver checks for at the asynchronous TX and RX interfaces (Table 2).
Table 1. StopBits Truth Table
StopBits 0 1 1 WORD LENGTH 5, 6, 7, 8 5 6, 7, 8 STOP BIT LENGTH 1 1-1.5 2
Table 2. Lengthx Truth Table
Length1 0 0 1 1 Length0 0 1 0 1 WORD LENGTH 5 6 7 8
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Receiver Timeout Register (RxTimeOut)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 TimOut7 0 0x0C R/W 6 TimOut6 0 5 TimOut5 0 4 TimOut4 0 3 TimOut3 0 2 TimOut2 0 1 TimOut1 0 0 TimOut0 0
Bits 7-0: TimOutx The RxTimeOut register allows programming a time delay from after the last (newest) character in the receive FIFO was received until a receive data timeout interrupt is generated in LSR[0]. The units of TimOutx are measured in complete character frames, which are dependent on the character length, parity, and STOP bit settings, and baud rate. If the value in RxTimeOut equals zero, a timeout interrupt is not generated.
HDplxDelay Register
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 Setup3 0 0x0D R/W 6 Setup2 0 5 Setup1 0 4 Setup0 0 3 Hold3 0 2 Hold2 0 1 Hold1 0 0 Hold0 0
The HDplxDelay register allows programming setup and hold times between RTS transitions and TX output activity in auto transceiver direction control mode, enabled by setting the MODE1[4]: TrnscvCtrl bit high. The hold time can also be used to ensure echo suppression in half-duplex communication. HDplxDelay functions in 2x and 4x rate modes. Bits 7-4: Setupx The Setupx bits define a setup time for RTS to transition high before the transmitter starts transmission of its first character in auto transceiver direction control mode, enabled by setting the MODE1[4]: TrnscvCtrl bit high. This allows the MAX3109 to account for skew times between the external transmitter's enable delay and propagation delays. Setupx can also be used to fix a stable state on the transmission line prior to the start of transmission. The resolution of the HDplxDelay setup time delay is one bit interval, or one over the baud rate; this delay is baud-rate dependent. The maximum delay is 15 bit intervals. Bits 3-0: Holdx The Holdx bits define a hold time for RTS to be held high after the transmitter ends transmission of its last character in auto transceiver direction control mode, enabled by setting the MODE1[4]: TrnscvCtrl bit high. RTS transitions low after the hold time delay, which starts after the last STOP bit was sent. This keeps the external transmitter enabled during the hold time duration. The Holdx bits also define a delay in echo suppression mode, enabled by setting the MODE2[7]: EchoSuprs bit high. See the Echo Suppression section for more information. The resolution of the HDplxDelay hold time delay is one bit interval, or one over the baud rate. Thus, this delay is baudrate dependent. The maximum delay is 15 bit intervals.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
IrDA Register
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 -- 0 0x0E R/W 6 -- 0 5 TxInv 0 4 RxInv 0 3 MIR 0 2 -- 0 1 SIR 0 0 IrDAEn 0
MAX3108
The IrDA register allows selection of IrDA SIR- and MIR-compliant pulse shaping at the TX and RX interfaces. It also allows inversion of the TX and RX logic, separate from whether IrDA pulse shaping is enabled or not. Bits 7, 6, and 2: No Function Bit 5: TxInv Set the TxInv bit high to invert the logic at the TX output. This functionality is separate from IrDA operation. Bit 4: RxInv Set the RxInv bit high to invert the logic at the RX input. This functionality is separate from IrDA operation. Bit 3: MIR Set the MIR and IrDAEn bits high to select IrDA 1.1 (MIR) with 1/4-period pulse widths. Bit 1: SIR Set the SIR and IrDAEn bits high to select IrDA 1.0 pulses (SIR) with 3/16th-period pulse widths. Bit 0: IrDAEn Set the IrDAEn bit high to program the MAX3108 to produce IrDA-compliant pulses at the TX output and expect IrDAcompliant pulses at the RX input. If IrDAEn is set low, normal (non-IrDA) pulses are generated by the transmitter and expected by the receiver. Use IrDAEn in conjunction with the SIR or MIR bits to select the pulse width.
Flow Level Register (FlowLvl)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 Resume3 0 0x0F R/W 6 Resume2 0 5 Resume1 0 4 Resume0 0 3 Halt3 0 2 Halt2 0 1 Halt1 0 0 Halt0 0
The FlowLvl register is used for selecting the RxFIFO threshold levels used for auto software (XON/XOFF) and hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control. Bits 7-4: Resumex The Resumex bits set the receive FIFO threshold at which an XON character is automatically sent in auto software flow control mode or RTS is automatically asserted in AutoRTS mode. These flow control actions occur once the RxFIFO is emptied to below the value in Resumex. This signals the far-end station to resume transmission. The threshold level is calculated as 8 x Resumex. The resulting possible threshold-level range is 0 to 120 (decimal). Bits 3-0: Haltx The Haltx bits set the receive FIFO threshold level at which an XOFF character is automatically sent in auto software flow control mode or RTS is automatically deasserted in AutoRTS mode. These flow control actions occur once the RxFIFO is filled to above the value in Haltx. This signals the far-end station to halt transmission. The threshold level is calculated as 8 x Haltx. The resulting possible threshold-level range is 0 to 120 (decimal).
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
FIFO Interrupt Trigger Level Register (FIFOTrgLvl)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 RxTrig3 1 0x10 R/W 6 RxTrig2 1 5 RxTrig1 1 4 RxTrig0 1 3 TxTrig3 1 2 TxTrig2 1 1 TxTrig1 1 0 TxTrig0 1
Bits 7-4: RxTrigx The RxTrigx bits allow definition of the receive FIFO threshold level at which the MAX3108 generates an interrupt in ISR[3]. This interrupt can be used to signal that either the receive FIFO is nearing overflow or a predefined number of FIFO locations are available for being read out in one block, depending on the state of the MODE2[2]: RxTrgInv bit. The selectable threshold resolution is eight FIFO locations, so the actual FIFO trigger level is calculated as 8 x RxTrigx. The resulting possible trigger-level range is 0 to 120 (decimal). Bits 3-0: TxTrigx The TxTrigx bits allow definition of the transmit FIFO threshold level at which the MAX3108 generates an interrupt in ISR[4]. This interrupt can be used to manage data flow to the transmit FIFO. For example, if the trigger level is defined near the bottom of the TxFIFO, the host knows that a predefined number of FIFO locations are available for being written to in one block. Alternatively, if the trigger level is set near the top of the FIFO, the host is warned when the transmit FIFO is nearing overflow. The selectable threshold resolution is eight FIFO locations, so the actual FIFO trigger level is calculated as 8 x TxTrigx. The resulting possible trigger-level range is 0 to 120 (decimal).
Transmit FIFO Level Register (TxFIFOLvl)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 TxFL7 0 0x11 R 6 TxFL6 0 5 TxFL5 0 4 TxFL4 0 3 TxFL3 0 2 TxFL2 0 1 TxFL1 0 0 TxFL0 0
Bits 7-0: TxFLx The TxFIFOLvl register represents the current number of words in the transmit FIFO.
Receive FIFO Level Register (RxFIFOLvl)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 RxFL7 0 0x12 R 6 RxFL6 0 5 RxFL5 0 4 RxFL4 0 3 RxFL3 0 2 RxFL2 0 1 RxFL1 0 0 RxFL0 0
Bits 7-0: RxFLx The RxFIFOLvl register represents the current number of words in the receive FIFO.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Flow Control Register (FlowCtrl)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 SwFlow3 0 0x13 R/W 6 SwFlow2 0 5 SwFlow1 0 4 SwFlow0 0 3 SwFlowEn 0 2 GPIAddr 0 1 AutoCTS 0 0 AutoRTS 0
MAX3108
The FlowCtrl register configures hardware (RTS/CTS) and software (XON/XOFF) flow control as well as special characters detection. Bits 7-4: SwFlowx The SwFlowx bits select the XON and XOFF characters used for auto software flow control and/or special character detection in combination with the characters programmed in the XON1, XON2, XOFF1, and/or XOFF2 registers. See Table 3. If auto software flow control is enabled (through FlowCtrl[3]: SwFlowEn) and special character detection is not enabled, SwFlowx allows selecting either single or dual XON/XOFF character flow control. When double character flow control is enabled, the transmitter sends out XON1/XOFF1 first followed by XON2/XOFF2 during receive flow control. For transmit flow control, the receiver only recognizes the received character sequence XON1/XOFF1 followed by XON2/XOFF2 as a valid control sequence to resume/halt transmission. If only special character detection is enabled (through MODE2[4]: SpecialChr), while auto software flow control is disabled, then SwFlowx allows selecting either single or double character detection. Single character detection allows the detection of two characters: XON1 or XON2 and XOFF1 or XOFF2. Double character detection does not distinguish between the sequence or the two received XON1/XON2 or XOFF1/XOFF2 characters. The two characters have to be received in succession, but it is insignificant which of the two is received first. The special characters are deposited in the receive FIFO. An ISR[1]: SpCharInt interrupt is generated when special characters are received. Auto software flow control and special character detection can be enabled to operate simultaneously. If both are enabled, XON1 and XOFF1 define the auto flow control characters, while XON2 and XOFF2 constitute the special character detection characters. Bit 3: SwFlowEn Set the SwFlowEn bit high to enable auto software flow control. The characters used for automatic software flow control are selected by SwFlowx. If special character detection is enabled by setting the MODE2[4]: SpecialChr bit high in addition to automatic software flow control, XON1 and XOFF1 are used for flow control while XON2 and XOFF2 define the special characters. Bit 2: GPIAddr Set the GPIAddr bit high to enable the four GPIO inputs to be used in conjunction with XOFF2 for the definition of a special character. This can be used, for example, for defining the address of an RS-485 slave device through hardware. The GPIOx input logic levels define the four LSBs of the special character, while the four MSBs are defined by the XOFF2[7:4] bits. The contents of the XOFF2[3:0] bits are neglected while the GPIO inputs are used in special character definition. Reading the XOFF2 register does not reflect the logic on GPIO in this mode. Bit 1: AutoCTS Set the AutoCTS bit high to enable AutoCTS flow control mode. In this mode, the transmitter stops and starts sending data at the TX interface depending on the logic state of the CTS input. See the Auto Hardware Flow Control section for more information about AutoCTS flow control mode. Logic changes at the CTS input result in an interrupt in ISR[7]: CTSInt. The transmitter must be turned off by setting the MODE1[1]: TxDisabl bit high before AutoCTS mode is enabled. Bit 0: AutoRTS Set the AutoRTS bit high to enable AutoRTS flow control mode. In this mode, the logic state of the RTS output is dependent on the receive FIFO fill level. The FIFO thresholds at which RTS changes state are set in FlowLvl. See the Auto Hardware Flow Control section for more information about AutoRTS flow control mode.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Table 3. SwFlow[3:0] Truth Table
RECEIVE FLOW CONTROL SwFlow3 0 0 1 0 1 X X X SwFlow2 0 0 0 1 1 X X X TRANSMIT FLOW CONTROL/SPECIAL CHARACTER DETECTION SwFlow1 0 X X X X 0 1 0 SwFlow0 0 X X X X 0 0 1 No flow control/no special character detection. No receive flow control. Transmitter generates XON1, XOFF1. Transmitter generates XON2, XOFF2. Transmitter generates XON1, XON2, XOFF1, and XOFF2. No transmit flow control. Receiver compares XON1 and XOFF1 and controls the transmitter accordingly. XON1 and XOFF1 special character detection. Receiver compares XON2 and XOFF2 and controls the transmitter accordingly. XON2 and XOFF2 special character detection. Receiver compares XON1, XON2, XOFF1, and XOFF2 and controls the transmitter accordingly. XON1, XON2, XOFF1, and XOFF2 special character detection. DESCRIPTION
X X = Don't care.
X
1
1
XON1 Register
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 Bit7 0 0x14 R/W 6 Bit6 0 5 Bit5 0 4 Bit4 0 3 Bit3 0 2 Bit2 0 1 Bit1 0 0 Bit0 0
The XON1 and XON2 register contents define the XON character used for automatic XON/XOFF flow control and/or the special characters used for special-character detection. See the FlowCtrl register description for more information. Bits 7-0: Bitx These bits define the XON1 character if single character XON auto software flow control is enabled in FlowCtrl[7:4]. If double-character flow control is selected in FlowCtrl[7:4], these bits constitute the least significant byte of the 2-byte XON character. If special character detection is enabled in MODE2[4] and auto flow control is not enabled, these bits define a special character. If both special character detection and auto software flow control are enabled, XON1 defines the XON flow control character.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
XON2 Register
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 Bit7 0 0x15 R/W 6 Bit6 0 5 Bit5 0 4 Bit4 0 3 Bit3 0 2 Bit2 0 1 Bit1 0 0 Bit0 0
MAX3108
The XON1 and XON2 register contents define the XON character for automatic XON/XOFF flow control and/or the special characters used in special-character detection. See the FlowCtrl register description for more information. Bits 7-0: Bitx These bits define the XON2 character if single character auto software flow control is enabled in FlowCntrl[7:4]. If double-character flow control is selected in FlowCntrl[7:4], these bits constitute the most significant byte of the 2-byte XON character. If special character detection is enabled in MODE2[4] and auto software flow control is not enabled, these bits define a special character. If both special character detection and auto software flow control are enabled, XON2 defines a special character.
XOFF1 Register
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 Bit7 0 0x16 R/W 6 Bit6 0 5 Bit5 0 4 Bit4 0 3 Bit3 0 2 Bit2 0 1 Bit1 0 0 Bit0 0
The XOFF1 and XOFF2 register contents define the XOFF character for automatic XON/XOFF flow control and/or the special characters used in special character detection. See the FlowCtrl register description for more information. Bits 7-0: Bitx These bits define the XOFF1 character if single character XOFF auto software flow control is enabled in FlowCntrl[7:4]. If double character flow control is selected in FlowCntrl[7:4], these bits constitute the least significant byte of the 2-byte XOFF character. If special character detection is enabled in MODE2[4] and auto software flow control is not enabled, these bits define a special character. If both special character detection and auto software flow control are both enabled, XOFF1 defines the XOFF flow control character.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
XOFF2 Register
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 Bit7 0 0x17 R/W 6 Bit6 0 5 Bit5 0 4 Bit4 0 3 Bit3 0 2 Bit2 0 1 Bit1 0 0 Bit0 0
The XOFF1 and XOFF2 register contents define the XOFF character for automatic XON/XOFF flow control and/or the special characters used in special character detection. See the FlowCtrl register description for more information. Bits 7-0: Bitx These bits define the XOFF1 character if single character XOFF auto software flow control is enabled in FlowCntrl[7:4]. If double character flow control is selected in FlowCntrl[7:4], these bits constitute the least significant byte of the 2-byte XOFF character. If special character detection is enabled in MODE2[4] and auto software flow control is not enabled, these bits define a special character. If both special character detection and auto software flow control are both enabled, XOFF2 defines a special character.
GPIO Configuration Register (GPIOConfg)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 GP3OD 0 0x18 R/W 6 GP2OD 0 5 GP1OD 0 4 GP0OD 0 3 GP3Out 0 2 GP2Out 0 1 GP1Out 0 0 GP0Out 0
The four GPIOs can be configured as inputs or outputs and can be operated in push-pull or open-drain mode. The reference clock needs to be active for the GPIOs to work. Bits 7-4: GPxOD Set the GPxOD bits high to configure the associated GPIOs as open-drain outputs. Set the GPxOD bits low to configure the associated GPIOs as push-pull outputs. When configured as inputs in GPxOut, the GPIOs are high-impedance inputs with weak pulldown resistors, regardless of the state of GPxOD. Bits 3-0: GPxOut The GPxOut bits configure the associated GPIOs to be either inputs or outputs. Set the GPxOut bits high to configure the associated GPIOs as outputs. Set the GPxOut bits low to configure the associated GPIOs as inputs.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
GPIO Data Register (GPIOData)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 GPI3Dat 0 0x19 R/W 6 GPI2Dat 0 5 GPI1Dat 0 4 GPI0Dat 0 3 GPO3Dat 0 2 GPO2Dat 0 1 GPO1Dat 0 0 GPO0Dat 0
MAX3108
Bits 7-4: GPIxDat The GPIxDat bits reflect the input logic on the associated GPIOs. These bits are only updated while the UART clock is active. Bits 3-0: GPOxDat The GPOxDat bits allow programming of the logic state of the GPIOs when configured as outputs in GPIOConfg[3:0]. For open-drain operation, pullup resistors are needed on the GPIOs.
PLL Configuration Register (PLLConfig)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 PLLFactor1 0 0x1A R/W 6 PLLFactor0 0 5 PreDiv5 0 4 PreDiv4 0 3 PreDiv3 0 2 PreDiv2 0 1 PreDiv1 0 0 PreDiv0 1
Bits 7-6: PLLFactorx The PLLFactorx bits allow programming the PLL multiplication factor. The input and output frequencies of the PLL must be limited to the ranges shown in Table 4. Enable the PLL in CLKSource[2]. Bits 5-0: PreDivx The PreDivx bits allow programming of the divisor in the PLL's predivider. The divisor must be chosen such that the output frequency of the predivider, which is the PLL's input frequency, is limited to the ranges shown in Table 4. The PLL input frequency is calculated as: fPLLIN = fCLK/PreDiv where fCLK is the input frequency of the crystal oscillator or external clock source (Figure 14), and PreDiv is an integer in the range of 1 to 63.
fCLK fPLLIN fREF FRACTIONAL BAUD-RATE GENERATOR
PREDIVIDER
PLL
Figure 14. PLL Signal Path
Table 4. PLLFactorx Selection Guide
PLLFactor1 0 0 1 1 PLLFactor0 0 1 0 1 MULTIPLICATION FACTOR 6 48 96 144 fPLLIN MIN 500kHz 850kHz 425kHz 390kHz MAX 800kHz 1.2MHz 1MHz 667kHz MIN 3MHz 40.8MHz 40.8MHz 56MHz fREF MAX 4.8MHz 56MHz 96MHz 96MHz 45
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Baud-Rate Generator Configuration Register (BRGConfig)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 -- 0 0x1B R/W 6 -- 0 5 4xMode 0 4 2xMode 0 3 FRACT3 0 2 FRACT2 0 1 FRACT1 0 0 FRACT0 0
Bits 7 and 6: No Function Bit 5: 4xMode Set the 4xMode bit high to quadruple the regular (16x sampling) baud rate. Set the 2xMode bit low when 4xMode is enabled. See the 2x and 4x Rate Modes section for more information. Bit 4: 2xMode Set the 2xMode bit high to double the regular (16x sampling) baud rate. Set the 4xMode bit low when 2xMode is enabled. See the 2x and 4x Rate Modes section for more information. Bits 3-0: FRACTx The FRACTx bits are the fractional portion of the baud-rate generator divisor. Set FRACTx to 0000b if not used. See the Fractional Baud-Rate Generator section for calculations of how to set this value to select the baud rate.
Baud-Rate Generator LSB Divisor Register (DIVLSB)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 Div7 0 0x1C R/W 6 Div6 0 5 Div5 0 4 Div4 0 3 Div3 0 2 Div2 0 1 Div1 0 0 Div0 1
DIVLSB and DIVMSB define the baud-rate generator integer divisor. The minimum value for DIVLSB is 1. See the Fractional Baud-Rate Generator section for more information. Bits 7-0: Divx The Divx bits are the eight LSBs of the integer divisor portion (DIV) of the baud-rate generator.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Baud-Rate Generator MSB Divisor Register (DIVMSB)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 Div15 0 0x1D R/W 6 Div14 0 5 Div13 0 4 Div12 0 3 Div11 0 2 Div10 0 1 Div9 0 0 Div8 0
MAX3108
DIVLSB and DIVMSB define the baud-rate generator integer divisor. The minimum value for DIVLSB is 1. See the Fractional Baud-Rate Generator section for more information. Bits 7-0: Divx The Divx bits are the eight MSBs of the integer divisor portion (DIV) of the baud-rate generator.
Clock Source Register (CLKSource)
ADDRESS: MODE: BIT NAME RESET 7 CLKtoRTS 0 0x1E R/W 6 -- 0 5 -- 0 4 -- 1 3 PLLBypass 1 2 PLLEn 0 1 CrystalEn 0 0 -- 0
Bit 7: CLKtoRTS Set the CLKtoRTS bit high to route the baud-rate generator (16x baud rate) output clock to RTS. The RTS clock frequency is a factor of 16x, 8x, or 4x of the baud rate in 1x, 2x, and 4x rate modes, respectively. Bits 6, 5, 4, and 0: No Function Bit 3: PLLBypass Set the PLLBypass bit high to bypass the internal PLL and predivider. Bit 2: PLLEn Set the PLLEn bit high to enable the internal PLL. Set PLLEn low to disable the internal PLL. Bit 1: CrystalEn Set the CrystalEn bit high to enable the crystal oscillator. When using an external clock source at XIN, set CrystalEn low.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Serial Controller Interface
The MAX3108 can be controlled through I2C or SPI as defined by the logic on SPI/I2C. See the Bump Configuration for further details. The SPI supports both single-cycle and burst read/write access. The SPI master must generate clock and data signals in SPI MODE0 (i.e., with clock polarity CPOL = 0 and clock phase CPHA = 0). SPI Single-Cycle Access Figure 15 shows a single-cycle read, and Figure 16 shows a single-cycle write. SPI Burst Access Burst access allows writing and reading multiple data bytes in one block by defining only the initial register address in the SPI command byte. Multiple characters can be loaded into the TxFIFO by using the THR (0x00) as the initial burst write address. Similarly, multiple characters can be read out of the RxFIFO by using the RHR (0x00) as the SPI's burst read address. If the SPI burst address is different from 0x00, the MAX3108 automatically increments the register address after each SPI data byte. Efficient programming of multiple consecutive registers is thus possible. The chip-select input, CS/A0, must be held low during the whole cycle. The SCLK/SCL clock continues clocking throughout the burst access cycle. The burst cycle ends when the SPI master pulls CS/A0 high. For example, writing 128 bytes into the TxFIFO can be achieved by a burst write access using the following sequence: 1) Pull CS/A0 low. 2) Send SPI write command to address 0x00. 3) Send 128 bytes. 4) Release CS/A0. This takes a total of (1 + 128) x 8 clock cycles.
SPI Interface
CS
SCLK
MOSI
R
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
MISO A_ = REGISTER ADDRESS D_ = 8-BIT REGISTER CONTENTS
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Figure 15. Single-Cycle Read
CS SCLK MOSI W A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
A_ = REGISTER ADDRESS D_ = 8-BIT REGISTER CONTENTS
Figure 16. Single-Cycle Write
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
The MAX3108 contains an I2C-compatible interface for data communication with a host processor (SCL and SDA). The interface supports a clock frequency of up to 1MHz. SCL and SDA require pullup resistors that are connected to a positive supply.
I2C Interface
Table 5. I2C Address Map
MOSI/A1 DGND DGND DGND DGND VL VL VL VL SCL SCL SCL SCL SDA SDA SDA SDA CS/A0 DGND VL SCL SDA DGND VL SCL SDA DGND VL SCL SDA DGND VL SCL SDA I2C WRITE ADDRESS 0xD8 0xC2 0xC4 0xC6 0xC8 0xCA 0xCC 0xCE 0xD0 0xD2 0xD4 0xD6 0xC0 0xDA 0xDC 0xDE I2C READ ADDRESS 0xD9 0xC3 0xC5 0xC7 0xC9 0xCB 0xCD 0xCF 0xD1 0xD3 0xD5 0xD7 0xC1 0xDB 0xDD 0xDF
START, STOP, and Repeated START Conditions When writing to the MAX3108 using I2C, the master sends a START condition (S) followed by the MAX3108 I2C address. After the address, the master sends the register address of the register that is to be programmed. The master then ends communication by issuing a STOP condition (P) to relinquish control of the bus, or a repeated START condition (Sr) to communicate to another I2C slave. See Figure 17. Slave Address The MAX3108 includes a configurable 7-bit I2C slave address, allowing up to 16 MAX3108 devices to share the same I2C bus. The address is defined by connecting the MOSI/A1 and CS/A0 inputs to DGND, VL, SCL, or SDA (Table 5). Set the R/W bit high to configure the MAX3108 to read mode. Set the R/W bit low to configure the MAX3108 to write mode. The address is the first byte of information sent to the MAX3108 after the START condition. Bit Transfer One data bit is transferred on the rising edge of each SCL clock cycle. The data on SDA must remain stable during the high period of the SCL clock pulse. Changes in SDA while SCL is high and stable are considered control signals (see the START, STOP, and Repeated START Conditions section). Both SDA and SCL remain high when the bus is not active.
MAX3108
S
Sr
P
SCL
SDA
Figure 17. I2C START, STOP, and Repeated START Conditions
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
WRITE SINGLE BYTE S DEVICE SLAVE ADDRESS - W A REGISTER ADDRESS A
8 DATA BITS
A
P
FROM MASTER TO STAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
Figure 18. Write Byte Sequence
BURST WRITE S DEVICE SLAVE ADDRESS - W A REGISTER ADDRESS A
8 DATA BITS - 1
A
8 DATA BITS - 2
A
8 DATA BITS - N
A
P
FROM MASTER TO STAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
Figure 19. Burst Write Sequence
Single-Byte Write In this operation, the master sends an address and two data bytes to the slave device (Figure 18). The following procedure describes the single-byte write operation: 1) The master sends a START condition. 2) The master sends the 7-bit slave address plus a write bit (low). 3) The addressed slave asserts an ACK on the data line. 4) The master sends the 8-bit register address. 5) The slave asserts an ACK on the data line only if the address is valid (NACK if not). 6) The master sends 8 data bits. 7) The slave asserts an ACK on the data line. 8) The master generates a STOP condition.
Burst Write In this operation, the master sends an address and multiple data bytes to the slave device (Figure 19). The slave device automatically increments the register address after each data byte is sent, unless the register being accessed is 0x00, in which case the register address remains the same. The following procedure describes the burst write operation: 1) The master sends a START condition. 2) The master sends the 7-bit slave address plus a write bit (low). 3) The addressed slave asserts an ACK on the data line. 4) The master sends the 8-bit register address. 5) The slave asserts an ACK on the data line only if the address is valid (NACK if not). 6) The master sends 8 data bits. 7) The slave asserts an ACK on the data line. 8) Repeat 6 and 7 N-1 times. 9) The master generates a STOP condition.
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP
Single-Byte Read In this operation, the master sends an address plus two data bytes and receives one data byte from the slave device (Figure 20). The following procedure describes the single-byte read operation: 1) The master sends a START condition. 2) The master sends the 7-bit slave address plus a write bit (low). 3) The addressed slave asserts an ACK on the data line. 4) The master sends the 8-bit register address. 5) The active slave asserts an ACK on the data line only if the address is valid (NACK if not). 6) The master sends a repeated START condition. 7) The master sends the 7-bit slave address plus a read bit (high). 8) The addressed slave asserts an ACK on the data line. 9) The slave sends 8 data bits. 10) The master asserts a NACK on the data line. 11) The master generates a STOP condition. Burst Read In this operation, the master sends an address plus two data bytes and receives multiple data bytes from the slave device (Figure 21). The slave device automatically increments the register address after each data byte is sent, unless the register being accessed is 0x00, in which case the register address remains the same. The following procedure describes the burst byte read operation: 1) The master sends a START condition. 2) The master sends the 7-bit slave address plus a write bit (low). 3) The addressed slave asserts an ACK on the data line. 4) The master sends the 8-bit register address. 5) The slave asserts an ACK on the data line only if the address is valid (NACK if not).
MAX3108
READ SINGLE BYTE S DEVICE SLAVE ADDRESS - W A REGISTER ADDRESS A
Sr
DEVICE SLAVE ADDRESS - R
A
8 DATA BITS
NA
P
FROM MASTER TO STAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
Figure 20. Read Byte Sequence
BURST READ S DEVICE SLAVE ADDRESS - W A REGISTER ADDRESS A
Sr
DEVICE SLAVE ADDRESS - R
A
8 DATA BITS - 1
A
8 DATA BITS - 2
A
8 DATA BITS - 3
A
8 DATA BITS - N
NA
P
FROM MASTER TO STAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
Figure 21. Burst Read Sequence
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
6) The master sends a repeated START condition. 7) The master sends the 7-bit slave address plus a read bit (high). 8) The slave asserts an ACK on the data line. 9) The slave sends 8 data bits. 10) The master asserts an ACK on the data line. 11) Repeat 9 and 10 N-2 times. 12) The slave sends the last 8 data bits. 13) The master asserts a NACK on the data line. 14) The master generates a STOP condition.
S SCL 1 2 8 NOT ACKNOWLEDGE SDA ACKNOWLEDGE 9
Acknowledge Bits Data transfers are acknowledged with an acknowledge bit (ACK) or a not-acknowledge bit (NACK). Both the master and the MAX3108 generate ACK bits. To generate an ACK, pull SDA low before the rising edge of the ninth clock pulse and hold it low during the high period of the ninth clock pulse (Figure 22). To generate a NACK, leave SDA high before the rising edge of the ninth clock pulse and leave it high for the duration of the ninth clock pulse. Monitoring for NACK bits allows for detection of unsuccessful data transfers.
Applications Information
The MAX3108 can be initialized following power-up, a hardware reset, or a software reset as shown in Figure 23. To verify that the MAX3108 is ready for operation after a power-up or reset in an interrupt-driven operation, wait for the IRQ output to deassert. In polled mode, repeatedly read a known register until the expected contents are returned.
Startup and Initialization
Figure 22. Acknowledge
POWER-UP/ RST INPUT PULLED HIGH
ENABLE INTERRUPTS
CONFIGURE FIFO CONTROL IS IRQ HIGH? OR DIVLSB READ SUCCESSFULLY Y CONFIGURE CLOCKING N CONFIGURE FLOW CONTROL
CONFIGURE GPIOs
CONFIGURE MODES START COMMUNICATION
Figure 23. Startup and Initialization Flowchart
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
1.8V 2.5V 3.3V
VDD
VL VCC RST
VEXT TX DI RO DE
VCC
MICROCONTROLLER
SPI/I2C IRQ
MAX3108
RX RTS
MAX14840E TRANSCEIVER
AGND
DGND
Figure 24. Logic-Level Translation
To reduce the power consumption during normal operation, the following techniques can be adopted:
Low-Power Operation
* Do not use the internal PLL. This saves the most power of the options listed here. Disable and bypass the PLL. With the PLL enabled, the current to the VCC supply is in the range of a few mA (depending on clock frequency and multiplication factor), while it drops to below 1mA if disabled. * Use an external clock source. The lowest power clocking mode is when an external clock signal is used. This drops the power consumption to about half that of an external crystal. * Keeptheinternalclockratesaslowaspossible. * UsealowvoltageontheVCC supply. * Use an external 1.8V supply. This saves the power dissipated by the internal 1.8V linear regulator for the 1.8V core supply. Connect an external 1.8V supply to V18 and disable the internal regulator by connecting LDOEN to DGND.
Monitor the MAX3108 by polling the ISR register or by monitoring the IRQ output. In polled mode, the IRQ physical interrupt output is not used and the host controller polls the ISR register at frequent intervals to establish the state of the MAX3108. Alternatively, the physical IRQ interrupt can be used to interrupt the host controller after specified events, making polling unnecessary. The IRQ output is an opendrain output that requires a pullup resistor to VL. The MAX3108 can be directly connected to transceivers and controllers that have different supply voltages. The VL input defines the logic voltage levels of the controller interface, while the VEXT voltage defines the logic of the transceiver interface. This ensures flexibility when selecting a controller and transceiver. Figure 24 shows an example of a configuration where the controller, transceiver, and the MAX3108 are powered by three different supplies.
Interrupts and Polling
Logic-Level Translation
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
The power supplies of the MAX3108 can be turned on in any order. Each supply can be present over the entire specified range regardless of the presence or level of the others. Ensure the presence of the interface supplies VL and VEXT before sending input signals to the controller and transceiver interfaces.
Power-Supply Sequencing
TX MAX3108 RX
SHARED CONNECTOR TX/D+ RX/D-
The TX and RTS outputs can be programmed to be high impedance. This feature is used in cases where the MAX3108 shares a common connector with other communications devices. Set the output of the MAX3108 to high impedance when the other communication devices are active. Set the MODE1[2]: TXHiZ bit high to set TX to a high-impedance state. Set the MODE1[3]: RTSHiZ bit high to set RTS to a high-impedance state. Figure 25 shows an example of connector sharing with a USB transceiver. The four GPIOs can be used to implement the other flow control signals defined in ITU V.24. Figure 26 shows how the GPIOs create the DSR, DTR, DCD, and RI signals found on some RS-232/V.28 interfaces. Set the FlowCtrl[1:0] bits high to enable automatic hardware RTS/CTS flow control.
Connector Sharing
RS-232 5x3 Application
D+
OE
MAX13481E
D-
Figure 25. Connector Sharing with a USB Transceiver
MAX3245 SPI/I2C MAX3108 RST
MICROCONTROLLER
TX RX RTS CTS
T1IN R1OUT T2IN R2OUT T3IN R3OUT
Tx Rx RTS CTS DTR DSR
IRQ
GPIO0 GPIO1
LDOEN GPIO2 R4OUT DCD
GPIO3
R5OUT
RI
Figure 26. RS-232 Application
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
3.3V
0.1F
VCC LDOEN SPI/I2C 10k
VEXT
VL TX RTS
DI DE A B RO RE
MAX3108 IRQ
MICROCONTROLLER
RX XOUT
SPI XIN RST AGND V18
MAX14840E
DGND 0.1F
Figure 27. RS-485 Half-Duplex Application
Typical Application Circuit
Figure 27 shows the MAX3108 being used in a halfduplex RS-485 application. The microcontroller, the RS-485 transceiver, and the MAX3108 are powered by a single 3.3V supply. SPI is used as the controller's communication interface. The microcontroller provides an external clock source to clock the UART. The MAX14840E receiver is always enabled, so echoing occurs. Enable auto echo suppression in the MAX3108 by setting the MODE2[7]: EchoSuprs bit high. Set the MODE1[4]: TranscvCtrl bit high to enable auto transceiver direction control in order to automatically control the DE input of the transceiver. PROCESS: BiCMOS
Chip Information Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE 25 WLP PACKAGE CODE W252B2+1 OUTLINE NO. 21-0180 LAND PATTERN NO. Refer to Application Note 1891
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SPI/I2C UART with 128-Word FIFOs in WLP MAX3108
Revision History
REVISION NUMBER 0 1 REVISION DATE 12/10 2/11 Initial release Updated the IL and I18SHDN max numbers in the DC Electrical Characteristics table DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED -- 6
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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(c)
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 2011 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

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